Libvirt vnc

Libvirt vnc. When specifying qemu://system or qemu://session as a connection URI, virsh attempts to connect to host names' system or session respectively. 3 days ago · The remote Oracle Linux 8 host has packages installed that are affected by a vulnerability as referenced in the ELSA-2024-3253 advisory. First of all, I am aware that libvirt does not fully support sounds through VNC [3][4], so I disabled the VNC output commenting out the graphics XML tag and adding the sound XML tag. Start with naming the machine. In addition to the virt-manager utility itself, the package also contains a collection of other helpful tools like virt-install, virt-clone and virt-viewer. To use this you will need to generate client and server certificates. 1:5900 virt-install is a command line tool for creating new KVM, Xen, or Linux container guests using the libvirt hypervisor management library. Login to the host: ssh deathstar -L 5900:127. 1] - Set SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH vnc. Nov 28, 2020 · The libvirt default storage pool is located at `/var/lib/libvirt/images - which is the parent file path we use in this example. 1. I'm attempting to provision and manage VM hosts remotely via a VNC connection to a server hosting libvirt and its associated KVM/QEMU hypervisor mechanisms. On virt-manager the libvirt-url is qemu+ssh://user@ipaddress/system. The VNC server can only be addressed on 127. VNC server configuration files. The log level setting is controlled by the log_filters and log_outputs settings explained in the Log outputs and Log filters sections respectively. Make a private key for the server: certtool --generate-privkey > serverkey. pem. The VNC RFB protocol was used to see that VNC had exited at the security stage with when using the default 'Let VNC Server choose' on VNC Viewer. virt-host-validate (Package: libvirt-client) A tool that validates whether the host is configured in a suitable way to run libvirt hypervisor drivers. 04) following migration from CORE (latest) to SCALE (23. 1: DEBUG. To get the VNC display number from a port number, we must subtract 5900. vencrypt_client_cert. The QEMU VNC server also implements the VeNCrypt extension allowing use of TLS for encryption of the session, and x509 certificates for authentication. This shows the value for hard_limit is 131072, which means 128MB of memory. So your request for port 10001 gets turned into a QEMU command line argument -vnc 127. 1] Set SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH from changelog [Orabug: 32019554] (qemu core dump occurs when client connects to VNC server because qemu cmd only Connect to a VNC Console ¶ The above examples connect a VNC terminal to the loopback device (127. Mar 9, 2012 · First, let’s deepen a bit the details on these two softs : KVM : KVM is a port of the Qemu fullvirt software to the standardized Linux virtualization layer. updated: 2022-03-09 21:55. libvirtd failed to start A. These devices are represented as a hierarchy, where a device on a bus has a parent of the bus controller device; the root . Create VM templates with Packer for usage with Libvirt/KVM virtualization : CentOS 7, CentOS 8/9 Stream, Alma Linux 8/9, Rocky Linux 8, Bionic (Ubuntu 1804), Focal (Ubuntu 2004), Jammy (Ubuntu 2204 Libvirt: Virtual Machine Lifecycle is a webpage that explains the basic concepts and operations of managing virtual machines with libvirt, a virtualization API. You can connect from the host machine: vncviewer localhost. Im choosing the latter. On Linux, your distribution may already have libvirt installed, but to enable integration with Vagrant you need a few other packages, too. It is also used to temporarily pause the guest when doing certain operations, such as non-live migration, core dumps, save Jul 1, 2019 · Thus QEMU defined a VNC protocol extension for send hardware scancodes from the VNC client. or over the network using ssh port-forwarding. libvirt-host Jan 13, 2020 · Libvirt概括 起来包括一个API库、一个daemon（libvirtd）和一个命令行工具（virsh）。 Libvirt的主要目标是：提供一种单一的方式管理多种不同的虚拟化提供方式和hypervisor。 Libvirt的主要功能如下： （1）虚拟机管理 VNC console from remote machine with no libvirt tools. Below the results. 2/II model). Oct 10, 2015 · KVM is very handy you can use VNC, Spice or Console to see the display. VNC and Spice are essentially remote desktop applications that can access your VM's via the VNC or Spice connections you can enable on the VM's. sudo virt-install --name yourVM. 1) authenticated and encrypted TCP/IP socket, usually listening on a public port number. Accessing the same VMs remotely via a VNC connection FAILS to provide keyboard input to e. In addition the VNC console for each guest virtual machine will be setup to use TLS with x509 certificate authentication. Virt-Lightning uses libvirt, cloud-init and libguestfs to allow anyone to quickly start a new VM. 2. KVM only supports VNC, not RDP. While I've seen questions asked regarding running VNC without X, would strongly prefer a solution that does not rely upon projects not actively maintained. CloudStack Automatic VNC encryption on KVM. Because Packer generally runs in parallel, Packer uses a randomly chosen port in this range that appears available. Generating a New Unique MAC Address" Collapse section "8. Dynamically Changing a Host Physical Machine or a Network Bridge that is Attached to a Virtual NIC 11. Jan 7, 2024 · virt-install is a command line tool for creating new KVM, Xen, or Linux container guests using the libvirt hypervisor management library. Other way to tell Vagrant to use Libvirt provider is to setup environment variable. The reason you seeing the blank screen is due to no screen redirection to host console, thus you cant see anything from virsh console command. Solution. libvirtd. The Virtual Machine Manager takes the settings of the Libvirt configuration file into consideration; you can also set a VNC password here. If the guest is not already running, the viewer can be set to wait until is starts before attempting to connect to the Node Device XML. 9. Often it is used in conjunction with acceleration in the form of a Type-I hypervisor such as KVM ( K ernel-based V irtual M achine) or Xen. Sep 1, 2015 · OSX(with VNC) ---Linux(with ssh)=====Server(no GUI)--Guest(qemu) On the Linux I traced the network packets, filter on OSX IP address or vnc to see the vnc packets. Configuring a VNC Server 8. If you are using SASL for libvirt authentication, it is strongly recommended to use it for VNC authentication as well—it is possible to share the same database. Then verify the change has taken effect: virsh # memtune lxcbb1. TLS 1. The virsh vncdisplay command returns the IP address and port number of the VNC display for the specified guest virtual machine. Install these with your package manager. However, it’s possible to change this behavior. It is a command line tool for developers that makes it very fast and easy to deploy and re-deploy an environment of vm's. The console is accessed using the VNC or SPICE protocol. monitor in QEMU, as well as the console. Nov 1, 2012 · I set autoport=yes in a domain's("virtual machine" in libvirt) config file so the VNC port is assigned automatically in the run time. 0. Aug 4, 2012 · To view virtual machines using libvirt (by both KVM or Xen), you use the virt-viewer command, this launches a window and establishes a VNC or SPICE connection into the virtual machine. When using the Spice Server, there seem to be problems with the mouse (its jumping around). I had to connect to the VNC console of my virtual machines from a remote desktop that did not have virt-viewer installed, so I could not use the -c and URI parameters. virt-install tool supports graphical installations using (for example) VNC or SPICE, as well as text mode installs over serial console. 19. Learn about VNC and SPICE in QEMU. Any application using libvirt is likely to start using the API by Uses libvirt as the back-end management API for operations with a virtual entities. Note that for this command to work, VNC has to be specified as a graphics 8. Several configuration files affect the behavior of the VNC server. When using Spice, I can prevent capture of the mouse by installing spice client in the guest (I don't know if that is possible with lineage OS). Vagrant needs to know that we want to use Libvirt and not default VirtualBox. Meaning - KVM acts as default provider here. Even better would be to use libvirt tools solely, but I believe the GUI parts of those tools require a window manager (would be great if I'm wrong on that point). 6 version onwards share policy feature is supported to control the way consoles are accessed by the user. vnc. 4. libvirt : libvirt is a RedHat Apr 2, 2024 · My Oracle Support provides customers with access to over a million knowledge articles and a vibrant support community of peers and Oracle experts. When a virtual machine is invoked by the qemu-system-ARCH command, for example qemu-system-x86_64, a monitor console is provided for performing interaction with the user. virt-clone (Package: virt-install) A tool for cloning existing virtual machine images using the libvirt hypervisor management library. Terraform provider to provision infrastructure with Linux's KVM using libvirt - dmacvicar/terraform-provider-libvirt Feb 15, 2018 · The command for creating your virtual machine is fairly complex. That's why there is --provider=libvirt option specified. So I am using the VNC Server. When booting a guest, libvirt always sets the '-S' flag so the guest is initially stopped. Guest TAP devices are attached to this bridge. Have a working installation of ubuntu server 20. Storage Concepts Expand section "11. I'm running into an issue when I try to vnc into a new VM created with virt-install. 35 Virtual machine administration using QEMU monitor Edit source. export VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER=libvirt. The minimum and maximum ports are inclusive. virt-install -n test -r 1024 --vcpus=1 --os-variant=rhel5. See the command syntax, examples and tips for CentOS 7 installation. Setting a Limit on Device Redirection 10. If you need to enable access to additional server users, you must open ports above 5903 by manually specifying the port numbers. Knowledgebase. There are a lot of options, and that amount can increase with the complexity of the machine. Uses Spice client viewer for graphic consoles to guest domains (VMs). I am having trouble with my VM (Ubuntu 22. At a high level they are: The virtual network driver. 0 (SSL 3. So I want, for example, the port 5900 to be bind with VM1 and 5901 - with VM2. It will auto-detect which schema to use for validation based on the name of the top level element in the input document. The network filter driver. When a new host is added and it is Main libvirt APIs ¶ libvirt-common. O atributo autoport é a nova sintaxe preferencial para indicar a alocação automática da porta TCP a ser usada. You need to add 5900 to each output of vncdisplay command if you don't set up VNC port directly in virtual machine settings. 8. org reference page. Apr 21, 2021 · How can I bind a VNC port with a specific virtual machine (KVM) so after a reboot of the host server all ports would remain the same? Right now the numeration of ports is based on the order of switching on the VMs. 4 Dec 2, 2020 · when changing the sshd_config to allow password-based authentication, all works well again (VNC asks me 1 time for a password, spice ~8 times, but I know about that). Spice and libvirt => multiple methods to access exactly one graphical console of a KVM/Qemu based VM. It related with libvirt connection. 04 with kvm/qemu and cockpit web-based interface. APIs for management of events. Historically I’ve just run this by SSHing into the virtual machine host and then using X11 forwarding to display the virtual machine window on my laptop. If using the libvirt compute driver and enabling VNC proxy security, the following additional options are supported: vnc. Hardware scancodes are sent from VNC client to QEMU, which sends them to the guest. --memory 2048 --vcpus 2. Nov 29, 2023. The documentation you saw that mentions RDP is libvirt, which is a general purpose library which supports multiple types of virtual machine - including KVM, Xen, KXC, OpenVZ, VirtualBox, VMWare etc. I changed this to 'Prefer off' and A. Common libvirt Errors and Troubleshooting" A. 0, it's possible to use autoport to let libvirt allocate VNC port automatically (instead of explicitly specifying it with the port attribute): <graphics type='vnc' autoport='yes'> Since 6. pem certificate is skipped during Enroll Certificate Feb 16, 2019 · In this article I will show how to use virt-manager from an Ubuntu client desktop to a server running KVM and libvirtd, with the connection being tunneled over ssh and authenticated with PKI. Dec 4, 2023 · Objectives Focus primarily on QEMU, though insights into libvirt are also valuable, as its underlying configurations can aid in verifying settings. Consider the following snippet of libvirt XML code; this is responsible for setting up the VNC access to the guest domain’s console: To set up graphical desktop sharing between the host and the guest machine using Virtual Network Computing (VNC), a VNC server has to be configured on the guest you wish to connect to. After using 'info cpus' to determine and set affinity, and setting a VNC password, 'cont' will be issued to start the guest CPUs. Generating a New Unique MAC Address Expand section "8. Mar 14, 2019 · Sasl does not related with vnc. Dec 30, 2023 · To check if the setting is active, have a look at the running qemu process, it should be started with -chardev qemu-vdagent,id=charchannel0,name=vdagent,clipboard=on. Basic x509 certificate support provides a secure session, but no Bindings of the libvirt API for c#, go (all go modules), java, ocaml, perl, python, php, ruby and integration API modules for D-Bus XML schemas Description of the XML schemas for domains , networks , network ports , network filtering , storage , storage encryption , capabilities , domain capabilities , storage pool capabilities , node devices The libvirt library is used to interface with many different virtualisation technologies. I use TightVNC on my Windows system to access the VM's if i need good remote desktop control. To see a complete list of options run the following command: bash. It consists of two parts : the qemu/kvm binary and the KVM kernel module that handles every CPU/Memory/device operation depending of the CPU support. Jun 3, 2022 · Package Details: libvirt-vnc 8. For individuals who are lacking enough storage in that path, you can simply mount a new disk or partition to that directory path (from the BASH shell, type man 1 mount) or select a new path. After that, the clipboard worked bidirectionally and was finally usable. Use three forward slashes to connect to the local host. commandline via visrh, Via Cockpit, and via Virtual Machine Manager. Another Method to Generate a New MAC for Your Guest Virtual Machine 8. All keyboard and mouse functionality WORKS when consoling locally to the individual VMs. Storage Concepts" 11. Using libvirt Commands with the QEMU Guest Agent on Windows Guests 10. Vm instances use 5900-59xx ports. virt-clone is a command line tool for cloning existing inactive guests. Set the amount of memory in megabytes and the number of CPU cores. Next, run the following command to start the virtual machine: Here, --provider=libvirt option explicitly tells Vagrant to use libvirt KVM to run the virtual machine. O atributo port especifica o número da porta TCP (com -1 como sintaxe legada indicando que deve ser alocada automaticamente). Inicia um servidor VNC. Authentication & access control. vencrypt_client_key. Finally, in the VNC viewer (I used tigervnc), the clipboard options must be activated: tigervnc settings. A third method to restrict access to the VM Guest is to enable the use of TLS encryption on the VNC server. APIs for management of domain checkpoints. Gain an understanding of the differences and uses of serial vs. O atributo passwd fornece uma senha VNC em texto não criptografado. Common libvirt Errors and Troubleshooting Expand section "A. ssh-keygen, then ssh-copy-host-id root@ip. and sign that key with the CA's private key by first creating a template file called server. This feature work along with the CA Framework in CloudStack. This provides an isolated bridge device (ie no physical NICs attached). Result (if any): Users may now change the policy using sharePolicy attribute added into VNC graphics element. To do this, VNC has to be specified as a graphics type in the devices element of the guest's XML file. The VM's are much more responsive to operations like this instead of using the Virt-Manager display. Best practice is to select only one of them to run. login. Improving Guest Virtual Machine Response Time 8. See the EXAMPLES section at the end of this document to quickly get started. Basically we want to limit on the number of vnc client connections that can be opened by users for a given VM. libvirt-domain-checkpoint. When connecting to libvirt, some connections may require client authentication before allowing use of the APIs. It also explains how to use libvirt APIs and command-line tools to interact with QEMU/KVM/HVF hypervisors. Pay attention to the port number if you have multiple domains running. The first object manipulated through the API is the virConnectPtr, which represents the connection to a hypervisor. auth_schemes. The virt-install tool provides a number of options that can be passed on the command line. Mar 9, 2022 · Configure remote console access. 1). Only the guest needs todo translation. Sep 10, 2013 · Thus, the only way to access the VNC console of a KVM guest domain is via SSH, and then tunneling VNC traffic to the host’s loopback address. 3. The standard port is 16514. 5] Function is used to get the VNC server location for the newly created domain (newly started installation). Then run following command: vagrant up --provider=libvirt. 11. Select Display VNC, change VNC to Spice and accept to add the Channel; Change the Video model from Cirrus (the default) to QXL; Restart virt-manager and power on the virtual machine; You are using Spice. It copies the disk images, and defines a config with new name, UUID and MAC address pointing to the copied disks. libvirt-domain-snapshot. Using the commands available in the monitor console, it is possible to inspect the running operating system 8. 2: INFO. 1 by default for security reasons. Another solution, without X, but assuming that you are able to ssh to your host from your machine, and to your VM from your host : mymachine firewalld and the virtual network driver. I need to get this port so I can connect to the vm from outside, but I can't find the proper API to do so. 0-2. virt-viewer is a minimalistic command-line utility for displaying the graphical console of a guest virtual machine. Nov 20, 2011 · [2] unfortunately there are other non-libvirt problems, see #619636, but this is another story. This avoids any kind of translation on the VNC client machine, or in QEMU. >From libvirt 1. Feature: Add support for specifying share policy for domain's VNC console. Thank you in advance. libvirt-domain. Im connecting via ssh from another machine, so you need to have PKI setup to do so. Better in python because I'm using the libvirt-python bindings. To change it to 256MB, we run the memtune command again giving it the new value (256 x 1024 = 262144): virsh # memtune lxcbb1 --hard-limit 262144. Feb 2, 2024 · Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly 5 days ago · libvirt [8. It covers topics such as installation, configuration, networking, storage, security and migration. APIs for management of domains. Since 3. [RHV] After renewing host certificates, I am unable to migrate VMs with VNC display set. Whenever I click the display button I get a please wait message and a circular loading bar that never goes away. Oct 3, 2011 · Is it possible to access the VMs without having to forward the remote port and VNC to the localhost? I'd like to be able to VNC into the KVM server and see the VMs display. # virt-install --help. bash. 5. hivex libguestfs libguestfs-winsupport libiscsi libnbd libtpms libvirt [8. 10. Thus it merely requires the XML document filename to It can display VNC or SPICE, and uses libvirt to lookup the graphical connection details. For example, to configure this via a nova-novncproxy. 0, it's possible to set framebuffer resolution using the resolution sub-element: また、libvirt の default ネットワークを使用するよう設定します。すべてのインターフェースでリッスンしている VNC サーバーがあります。libvirt は、VNC クライアントを自動的に起動しません。テキストコンソールを表示しません (--no-autoconsole)。最後に、libvirt Dec 18, 2020 · 1. vencrypt_ca_certs. hard_limit : 262144. novncproxy_port. g. #1. As defined in the goals section, the libvirt API is designed to expose all the resources needed to manage the virtualization support of recent operating systems. Client configuration. View PKGBUILD / View Changes Download snapshot Search wiki Flagged out-of-date (2023-03-27) Dec 7, 2010 · swap_hard_limit: 262144. 0-23. Storage Concepts" Collapse section "11. It is an option not a must. The guest can be referred to by its name, ID, or UUID. Jan 20, 2022 · Bug 2043146 - Expired /etc/pki/vdsm/libvirt-vnc/server-cert. APIs for management of domain snapshots. ¶. The use of x509 certificates is strongly recommended, because TLS on its own is susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks. FYI, this documentation can be useful for the creation of virtual entities. I want to use both cockpit browser based vnc console and external vnc desktop viewers (krdc and remmina). Vagrant-Libvirt is a Vagrant plugin that uses libvirt to manage virtual machines. 7. The libvirt management connection opens a TCP port for incoming connections, which is securely encrypted and authenticated based on x509 certificates. 0:* LISTEN Aug 13, 2019 · To enable vnc for KVM, just enabling the following 2 options in /etc/libvirt/qemu. There are three pieces of libvirt functionality which do network filtering of some type. Incorrectly specified URI. conf - The libvirt daemon configuration file has more options than described in these pages. 1) on a Dell R710 (Rev. This is because virsh recognizes the text after the second forward slash as the host. It covers topics such as domain types, machine types, domain states, domain configuration, and domain monitoring. May 25, 2024 · Learn how to create and boot a virtual machine using virt-install and libvirt, and connect to the graphical console via a local VNC client. Using libvirt-php Nov 29, 2023 · 12. Displaying the IP Address and Port Number for the VNC Display. They are all shown and briefly described in the libvirt. vnc_port_max (int) - VNC Port Max Red Hat Customer Portal - Access to 24x7 support and knowledge. What you should be aware of when you think of using Spice for a graphical access to a KVM/Qemu VM is the following: 1. libvirt-event. May 10, 2024 · QEMU ( Q uick EMU lator) is a generic, open source hardware emulator and virtualization suite. There are several libvirt functions, all with the prefix virNodeDevice , which deal with management of host devices that can be handed to guests via passthrough as <hostdev> elements in the domain XML. Aug 27, 2020 · Go to your Vagrant project directory and initialize the Vagrant environment: 3. The set of possible authentication mechanisms is administrator controlled, independent of applications using libvirt. I have tried: Accessing from OSX and android. Reason: QEMU changed behavior from shared to exclusive VNC, which broke deployments that relied on shared VNC with no option to request the older behavior. 0" vnc_password = your-password My 2nd mistake was not to set the password for vnc so the vncviewer always failed to connect, even in the case the password was set to empty. The virt-viewer application uses the GTK-VNC library It supports SPICE and VNC protocols. conf file: Libvirt: QEMU/KVM/HVF hypervisor driver is a webpage that provides documentation and reference for using libvirt as a management tool for virtual machines based on QEMU, KVM or HVF. Common libvirt Errors and Troubleshooting" Collapse section "A. What is libvirt-php? libvirt-php is a php module that provides PHP bindings for libvirt virtualization toolkit and therefore you can access libvirt directly from your PHP scripts with no need to have virt-manager or libvirt-based CLI/GUI tools installed. The minimum port cannot be set below 5900 due to a quirk in how QEMU parses vnc display address. Feb 26, 2021 · However, when we use Spice instead of VNC we speak about a “one person” or a “one seat” solution. Before getting started with libvirt it is best to make sure your hardware supports the necessary virtualisation extensions for Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM). Redirect display to host serial port TTYS0 and disable graphic install. 10. When specifying vnc with virt-install using this:--vnc \ --vncport=5905 \ --noautoconsole The VM is created and 5905 is listening, but only on ipv4 as shown here: # netstat -l | grep 5905 tcp 0 0 localhost:5905 0. Generating a New Unique MAC Address" 8. Oct 4, 2021 · Installing libvirt and support packages. To check this, enter the following from a terminal prompt: kvm-ok A message will be printed informing you if your CPU does or does not support Dec 5, 2020 · There are a few ways we can create the VM. common macros and enums for the libvirt and libvirt-admin library. It is a useful resource for anyone who wants to learn more about libvirt and its features. On Fedora, CentOS, and similar: $ sudo dnf install gcc libvirt \ libvirt-devel libxml2-devel \ make ruby-devel libguestfs-tools Allowing the vnc-server service in your firewall opens ports from 5900 to 5903. The problem is when I set the vnc_password in /etc/libvirt/qemu. Mar 26, 2020 · 目次 目次 目的 ユースケース 環境 手順 補足 参考サイト 目的 KVMゲストマシンにVNC接続したい。 ユースケース ・ゲストマシンにOSをインストールしたいが、インストーラがGUIの場合。 ・PXEブート後にメニュー画面で選択操作が必要な場合。 ・その他、「virsh console」で接続したものの何も見え Dec 4, 2017 · You don't use port 2 of vnc console on vmname virtual machine, but you use 5902 port. Libvirt log messages are classified into 4 priority levels; the higher the priority level, the less is the volume of produced messages. If the information is unavailable for the guest, the exit code 1 is displayed. conf to allow external vnc viewers to connect, it breaks the browser based Dec 23, 2022 · 2. The URI Failed to Connect to the Hypervisor Expand section "A. Serial console - no output. Products & Services. VNC is configured as "localhost only" and Port "auto". The template file will contain a number of fields to define the server as follows: organization = Name of your organization. Jan 23, 2021 · I am running lineage os in kvm using virt-manager. They should be reached if webvirtcloud on different machine other than hypervisor. Apr 15, 2014 · Couple of months back we have reported one security issue [1] in OS. conf vnc_listen = "0. To edit virtual machine configuration use edit command: edit vmname And edit line like this: The Virtual Machine Manager, through the virt-manager package, provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing local and remote virtual machines. Sep 12, 2019 · The QEMU command line argument for -vnc does not want a port number, instead it wants a VNC display number. The QEMU/libvirt configuration is automatically triggered on the KVM hosts when the hosts are secured with the CA Framework certificates: The provisionCertificate API is extended, to enable TLS on VNC. It uses the locally installed RNG schema documents. VNC Client configuration for TLS - Instructions for setting up several well known VNC client packages are on the VNC Client TLS Setup page. Package Actions. info. The virt-xml-validate tool provides a simple command line for validating XML documents prior to giving them to libvirt. 1:4101 . libvirt_domain_new_get_vnc() [Since version 0. However, VNC is a relatively insecure protocol, and using a VNC password will not do much to change this. By default this is 5900 to 6000. A simple port forwarding got me what I wanted: Nov 1, 2023 · vnc. Uses VNC client viewer for graphic consoles to guest domains (VMs). Remote libvirt supports a range of transports: tls. To provide a remote console or remote desktop access to guest virtual machines, use VNC, SPICE HTML5 or Serial through either the OpenStack dashboard or the command line. Comprehend networking aspects within KVM. ca hw xu dp ut sj oq cy vr ig