Atonement novel review

Atonement novel review. Atonement is an adaptation of the novel by Ian McEwan and a gorgeous period drama set during three different time periods. Volume 22, 2011/ 2012. Begun as a science fiction story but then abandoned, Atonement took mature form as a work of literary fiction composed of three distinct stories. Be the first one to write a review. Aug 31, 2007 · Atonement Review. Joe Wright overlooks the class divisions that haunt the nooks and crannies of McEwan’s novel. 42992366. Ian McEwan's acclaimed novel Atonement arrives with Overview. Part 2 will provide an evaluation and critique. In one terrifying moment, Dynah Carey's perfect life is shattered by rape, her future irrevocably altered by an unwanted pregnancy, and her doting family torn apart. New readers and those familiar with McEwan's work will find themselves engrossed in a world of family, a desperate lie, war, and reconciliation. Apr 4, 2018 · The Extent of the Atonement: A Historical and Critical Review (B&H Academic, 2016) is an excellent reference book for your library. 12 Favorites. But Briony’s incomplete grasp of adult motives and her Oct 5, 2021 · The anthology of journeys is a touchstone for Billy and for Towles, who is out to demonstrate the profound entanglement of story and life, the ways in which each generates the other. For example, Schreiner strongly argues that penal substitution is “the heart and soul of an evangelical view of the atonement” (67). What you will—and won't—find in this movie. Ian McEwan’s most popular book is Atonement. Her characters are Dec 7, 2007 · Atonement Review A powerful epic about love, war and redemption. When the couple are torn apart by Feb 25, 2003 · Atonement. Throughout his novel, McEwan explores emotion set Atonement is a 2007 romantic war drama film directed by Joe Wright and starring James McAvoy, Keira Knightley, Saoirse Ronan, Romola Garai, and Vanessa Redgrave. Merkin, Daphne. Get a whole month of great cinema FREE at https://mubi. Watching her is Robbie Turner, her childhood friend who, like Cecilia, has 9/10. How do we make sense of the controversial ending of Ian McEwan’s Atonement? Karen Lockney shows how McEwan draws on a literary tradition of postmodernism to surprise and challenge his readers. Context. The acclaim Joe Wright’s Atonement has garnered prior to its release illustrates how Oscar hype impacts the review process. Dec 7, 2007 · Directed by Joe Wright. Being the first novel I've read by the acclaimed novelist Ian McEwan I was immediately made aware of his immense talent. Feb 12, 2023 · Atonement is part of my project, reading the Best British Books. ISBN-10: 038572179X. Remove Ads. " It is 1745, and Weaver, now middle-aged, is still Sep 3, 2007 · Atonement (2007) Reviewed by Stella Papamichael. Following Atonement, McEwan has written one libretto and five novels, the most recent of which will be released in September 2014. ” Synopsis. Anchor Books, 2007 - Fiction - 480 pages. " - Adam Begley, The New York Observer. Jul 11, 2020 · Ian McEwan’s symphonic novel of love and war, childhood and class, guilt and forgiveness provides all the satisfaction of a brilliant narrative and the provocation we have come to expect from this master of English prose. 7 4. O. Her older brother, Leon, will be visiting home soon, and she hopes to impress him with the performance. The introduction (xiii–xxviii) clearly explains the issues and options that need to be considered, and the conclusion (“Why Belief in Unlimited Atonement Matters,” 765–91) summarizes Dec 1, 1998 · December 22, 2019. While Christ’s sacrifice serves as a central tenet of the Christian faith, the mechanism of atonement—exactly how Christ effects our salvation—remains controversial and ambiguous to many Christians. His other award-winning novels are The Child in Time, which won the 1987 Jan 1, 2001 · A young girl’s imagination runs riot with far-reaching and devastating consequences, in Ian McEwan’s masterpiece of metafiction. It deals with themes -- including adolescent immaturity, class differences, lying, and passion -- that are too complex for all but the most mature teens to really be able to grasp and Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Atonement: A Novel at Amazon. His first published work, a collection of short stories, First Love, Last Rites, won the Somerset Maugham Award. On a hot summer day in 1935, thirteen-year-old Briony Tallis witnesses the flirtation between her older sister, Cecilia Feb 11, 2019 · In Part 1 of this review, I shall focus on chapter summaries of the book. With Saoirse Ronan, Ailidh Mackay, Brenda Blethyn, Julia West. Wiegand, David. Shone, Tom. Overview. It’s Ian McEwan’s best novel (…. ) Atonement is the work of a novelist at peak power; we may hope for more to come. Whereas her big sister’s room was a stew of unclosed books, unfolded clothes, unmade bed, unemptied ashtrays, Briony’s was a shrine to her controlling demon: the model farm spread across a deep window ledge consisted of the usual animals, but all facing one way—toward their owner—as if about to break into song, and even the farmyard Nov 1, 2001 · This challenging work explores the history of the Christian doctrine of atonement, exposing the intrinsically violent dimensions of the traditional, Anselmian satisfaction atonement view and offering instead a new, thoroughly nonviolent paradigm for understanding atonement based on narrative Christus Victor. Write your own review! Atonement is a fantastic and addicting novel that is full of surprising twists and turns. 351 pages ; 21 cm. His other award-winning novels are The Child in Time, which won the 1987 Nov 16, 2007 · Review: Atonement. Apr 29, 2022 · BATTLE ROYALE is streaming on MUBI in the US and Canada. English Review. com. Atonement: A Novel. The book develops a two-part argument. Sep 19, 2014 · Tom Nolan reviews "The Darkest Hour," by Tony Schumacher, and "Day of Atonement," by David Liss. Jun 19, 2020 · Atonement. Fans of classical literature will also be moved by the consistent Jan 11, 2008 · Atonement: Directed by Joe Wright. It reminds us that life can throw many traumatic curve balls, yet as we put our trust in Him, He works all things together for good, bringing peace and direction to confusion and trauma. The first part of the novel begins in the summer of 1935 as 13-year-old Briony Dec 7, 2007 · This sweeping English drama, based on the book by Ian McEwan, follows the lives of young lovers Cecilia Tallis (Keira Knightley) and Robbie Turner (James McAvoy). The Strengths of the Book Aug 15, 2020 · The first 1000 people who click the link will get 2 free months of Skillshare Premium: https://skl. NATIONAL BESTSELLER • A symphonic novel of love and war, childhood and class, guilt and forgiveness that provides all the satisfaction of a brilliant narrative and the provocation we have come to expect from the acclaimed Booker Prize–winning, internationally bestselling author. The author, Dr. McEwan’s latest, both powerful and equisite, considers the making of a writer, the dangers and rewards of imagination, and the juncture between innocence and awareness, all set against the late afternoon of an England soon to disappear. Dec. I must be one of the few who had not only managed to avoid Dec 21, 2020 · Atonement is one of those novels that captures you from the off. The story itself receives a significant 5 stars from me. Thematically, there are similarities and it seems the two books are almost speaking to each other. At it's most fascinating, the book gives a peak into what it was like to live as a New Christian, or converted Jew, during the time of the Inquisition in Portugal. As a 13-year-old, fledgling writer Briony Tallis irrevocably changes the course of several lives when she accuses her older sister’s lover of a crime he did not commit. Jan 31, 2020 · Book Review: Atonement by Ian McEwan. Published: 2001. 99, September 2001, 0 224 06252 2. By the example of the main character, Briony Tallis’s, fatal misunderstanding of a series of events and rich Atonement, acclaimed as one of his strongest works, was written in 2001. James left a quite full record of the development of his story, which described modern divorce Mar 12, 2002 · Ian McEwan is a critically acclaimed author of short stories and novels for adults, as well as The Daydreamer, a children's novel illustrated by Anthony Browne. Atonement Summary. The ecumenical creeds of the Christian church never settled on one theory of Christ’s atonement. As the book opens in 1959, an unexpected visitor arrives at the doorstep of former CIA operative Daniel Lavy. Set in three time periods, 1935 England, Second World War England and France, and present-day England, it covers an upper-class girl's half-innocent mistake that ruins lives, her adulthood in the shadow of that mistake, and a reflection on the nature of writing. Here, in the year of its 20th anniversary and publisher Jonathan Cape's centenary, we tell the full story of the book that changed British fiction. 351 Pages. Humility is the one virtue you wouldn't expect Alice McDermott's characters would need to learn. Preceded by. ISBN-13: 9780385721790. Drama, Mystery, Romance, War. After the Nazi triumph, a Scotland Yard detective sees his job change from "thief-taker" to "Jew Aug 16, 2020 · This book concisely summarizes the biblical data and creates a thoroughly robust Evangelical doctrine of the atonement centered around (but not limited to) penal substation. . Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. This twist, this revelation, further emphasizes the novel’s already explicit ambivalence about being a novel, and makes the book a proper postmodern artifact, wearing its doubts on its sleeve, on the outside, as the Full Book Analysis. Feb 25, 2003 · Ian McEwan is a critically acclaimed author of short stories and novels for adults, as well as The Daydreamer, a children's novel illustrated by Anthony Browne. The 2007 film adaptation won an Academy Award, two Golden Globes, and a BAFTA Award. It focuses on Briony Tallis, the thirteen-year-old youngest daughter of three, who aspires to be a writer. com/qualitycultureIn this video, I discuss th The most essential theme of Atonement is the way an individual’s perspective inevitably shapes his or her reality. A Complex, Tightly Woven Tale: Atonement by Ian McEwan Atonement, by Ian McEwan, is a novel of complex ideas with a richly developed plot. Books. ) name, and (3. On a hot summer day in 1935, thirteen-year Apr 2, 2024 · Atonement Film Review. Adapted from Ian McEwan’s novel of the same name, “Atonement” unfolds against the backdrop of love, war Aug 28, 2021 · Atonement : a novel by McEwan, Ian. A site dedicated to book lovers providing a forum to discover and share commentary about the books and authors they enjoy. Issue 4. May 23, 2016 · LaRose By Louise Erdrich HarperCollins 384 pp. The film chronicles a crime and its consequences over the course of six decades, beginning in the 1930s. ” — Booklist (starred review) “[An] action-packed Atonement. When the world is still counting the cost of the Second World War and the Iron Curtain has closed, eleven-year-old Roland Baines's life is turned upside down. Book Description: On a hot summer day in 1935, thirteen-year-old Briony Tallis witnesses the flirtation between her older sister, Cecilia, and Robbie Turner, the son of a servant. Mar 19, 2002 · by. At nearly 600 Sep 22, 2015 · One of Liss’s best books. Ian McEwan does admittedly take his time a bit at the beginning, painstakingly recounting a hot summer’s day where a young child, Briony, is forcing her cousins to perform a play. Feb 25, 2003 · Atonement. An Ojibwe man takes aim at a deer on the edge of a farm and hits a little boy instead. Many of Liss's books bring with them a history lesson, and this one is no exception. " (I)f it's plot, suspense and a Bergsonian sensitivity to the intricacies of individual consciousnesses you want, then McEwan is your man and Atonement your novel. May 20, 2003 · Editorial Review Ian McEwan's Booker Prize-nominated Atonement is his first novel since Amsterdam took home the prize in 1998. Forgive Our Foolish Ways. The question whether Briony fully accepted responsibility for what she has done is debatable. May 20, 2003 · Atonement: A Novel. Her cousins, 15-year-old Lola Quincey and 9-year-old twins Jackson and Pierrot Quincey, are coming to stay with the Tallises because their parents are embroiled in a divorce. Warning: Spoilers. ” —Minneapolis Star Tribune “Foxx is reminiscent of Lee Child’s Jack Reacher: a man with his own moral code who takes on multiple adversaries simultaneously. It is based on the well-celebrated novel of the same name by Ian McEwan, and it stars James McAvoy, Keira Knightley, Benedict Cumberbatch, and a young Saoirse Ronan in her first big Hollywood film. Amsterdam is a 1998 novel by British writer Ian McEwan, for which he was awarded the 1998 Booker Prize. More than once, Atonement reminded me of The Sense of an Ending. Amsterdam, Ian McEwan. But Briony’s incomplete grasp of adult motives and her Aug 5, 2016 · Atonement Book Review. As his new film, Atonement, opens to rave reviews, he tells Esther Addley about his 'mundane' private life, his 'epic Jan 1, 1997 · A beautiful repackaged edition of Francine Rivers's classic novel that breaks through the many taboos surrounding abortion. Oct 3, 2021 · Atonement is a beautiful, sobering picture that explores the nature of perspective, memory, and self-forgiveness. From Booker Prize winner Ian McEwan comes a new novel that surely outshines his past work, if indeed this is possible. Paperback: 368 pages. Atonement ends with a devastating twist, a piece of information that changes our sense of everything we have just read…. ) Scripture. 'Stumbling Into Fate - Accidents and Choices Trip up the Characters in Ian McEwan's New Novel', San Francisco Chronicle, 10 March 2002. Returning to the house, she sees Robbie Turner, the son of the family’s charlady, weeding hedges along the fountain near the house, and tries to avoid him. He has two children from his first marriage to Penny Allen, which ended in an acrimonious divorce. Ian McEwan’s symphonic novel of love and war, childhood and class, guilt and forgiveness provides all the satisfaction of a brilliant narrative and the provocation we have come to expect from this master of English prose. "Atonement" is a book written in three major parts, with a final denouement from the author. Brilliant and utterly enthralling in its depiction of childhood, love and war, England and class, the novel is at its center a profound–and profoundly moving–exploration of shame and forgiveness and the difficulty of absolution. 01. Released any other time of the year, the film may have been seen for what it is: a luxe adaptation of a Apr 1, 2022 · Book Review. In chapter 1, Stump describes Atonement as “an exercise in philosophical theology” that attempts to test the coherence of theological theories concerning the atonement by analyzing and clarifying theological claims 0-385-49424-6. Parents need to know that Atonement is an adaptation of Ian McEwan's best-selling novel set in pre-WW II England. Don’t miss Ian McEwan’s new novel, Lessons. Atonement (2001) is an award-winning novel by British author Ian McEwan that spans the last two-thirds of the 20th century. But while Amsterdam was a slim, sleek piece, Atonement is a more sturdy, more ambitious work, allowing McEwan more room to play, think, and experiment. Nov 6, 2007 · Ian McEwan is a critically acclaimed author of short stories and novels for adults, as well as The Daydreamer, a children's novel illustrated by Anthony Browne. by. The Nature of the Atonement includes contributions from well-known evangelical scholars Nov 1, 2016 · He includes in part 3 an extended critique (657–763) of the recent Crossway book endorsing limited atonement, From Heaven He Came and Sought Her (2013). Ian McEwan. At the funeral of photographer and writer Molly Lane, three of Molly's former lovers converge. OCLC. And as with all good reference books, it has three indices: (1. , £16. Ian McEwan Average rating 3. From its origins as a sci-fi story to the elaborate creation of its iconic cover, the behind-the-scenes story is no less gripping. Part One tells the story of one day/night in 1935 at the Tallis family estate north of London, England. Upon reading `Atonement' one is completely removed from their lives, their places of dwelling and time of departure and transplanted to a place where nothing is familiar yet everything is impressionable. Purchase options Oct 16, 2014 · In Liss's new novel, "The Day of Atonement," we briefly encounter Weaver more than 20 years since his last outing in "The Devil's Company. Finally, Craig fills a much-needed hole for the Church. by Ian McEwan. Publication Date: February 25, 2003. The next morning, Cecilia Tallis, Briony’s older sister by ten years, spends hours collecting flowers to put in another visitor’s room at the request of her mother. David L. Atonement. In 1935 England, thirteen-year-old Briony Tallis witnesses an event involving her sister Cecilia and her childhood friend Robbie Turner, and she becomes the victim of her own imagination, which leads her on a lifelong search for truth and absolution. At the beginning, she did not do anything when she first had doubts on her bad call of judgment but toward the end of the film, through an interview, she admits that she has been the cause of Cecilia and Robbie’s Aug 27, 2023 · The novel is a good read, if not quite as layered as some of Liss's previous works. Cape, 372 pp. 'White Lies', New York Times Book Review, 10 March 2002: 8-9. 75 · 1,176,638 ratings · 84,086 reviews · shelved 2,289,971 times Feb 24, 2021 · Critical acclaim, record sales and a film starring Keira Knightley made Atonement a publishing phenomenon. The novel titled Atonement (2001) by the British writer Ian McEwan appears to focus on the same problem. By A. Torn apart by betrayal. as a postmodern novel. 5 stars for Ian McEwan’s Atonement, one of the most poignant books I have ever read. Own Opinion. At various points throughout the novel, McEwan filters the narrative through a particular character’s point of view. 1,380 Views . By Working from McEwan's novel, Wright and Hampton play with time throughout the story, especially during the first hour where Apr 15, 2021 · English. Two thousand miles from his mother's protective love, stranded at an unusual boarding school, his vulnerability attracts piano teacher Miss Sep 20, 2001 · Atonement is a 2001 British metafiction novel written by Ian McEwan concerning the understanding of and responding to the need for personal atonement. Followed by. 8 (6 reviews) 'Atonement' is divided into three parts and an epilogue. On the hottest day of the summer of 1935, thirteen-year-old Briony Tallis sees her sister, Cecilia, strip off her clothes and plunge into the fountain in the garden of their country house. Oct 30, 2023 · Alice McDermott's 'Absolution' transports her signature characters to Vietnam. In Atonement and the Death of Christ, William Lane Craig conducts an interdisciplinary investigation of this crucial Jun 19, 2020 · Atonement. 2499 words. 24,411 ratings3,221 reviews. On a hot summer day in 1935, thirteen-year-old Briony Tallis witnesses the flirtation Atonement is Ian McEwan’s finest achievement. Product Details. By juxtaposing the distinct, and frequently conflicting, ways his characters understand the world, the author Jan 23, 2008 · Book Review: The Nature of the Atonement. They include newspaper editor Vernon Halliday and composer Clive Linley who are old friends, and British Foreign Secretary Julian Garmony. Later, as war rages, she seeks Oct 1, 2023 · Stephen Maitland-Lewis’ Legacy of Atonement is the latest novel to imagine Hitler’s escape from death. The sheer scale of the brutality of the tragedy echoes through McEwan’s prose, particularly towards the ending. Atonement is a 2001 British metafictional novel written by Ian McEwan. Updated 06 September 2007. Publisher: Anchor. Sep 23, 2001 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In just three years, James McAvoy has gone from unknown to Hollywood A-lister. Genres: Fiction. Text as a construct. David DeSilva’s Day of Atonement kept me fascinated with a time in history previously unfamiliar to me. Her seemingly rock-solid faith is pushed to the limits Feb 25, 2003 · As it follows that crime’s repercussions through the chaos and carnage of World War II and into the close of the twentieth century, Atonement engages the reader on every conceivable level, with an ease and authority that mark it as a genuine masterpiece. The first chapter in this section is a critical review of the book From Heaven He Came and Sought Her, and the last chapter is Allen’s personal conclusion on why a universal atonement is important. Joe Wright’s “Atonement” begins in the endlessly photogenic, thematically pregnant interwar Atonement, novel by Ian McEwan, published in 2001. Contains very strong language, bloody injuries and moderate sex. Bound by love. On a hot summer's day in 1935 in England, with the shadow of another world war looming large over Great Britain, 13 year old Briony Tallis is witness to a scene involving her older sister Sep 13, 2022 · Ian McEwan. It has been almost 20 years since McEwan published this tale of love, betrayal, family and war. On a scorching midsummer day, a young girl witnesses something she doesn’t understand between her sister Jan 1, 2024 · Joe Wright’s 2007 film, “Atonement,” stands as a testament to this transformative potential, asserting its status as a cinematic masterpiece through its poignant narrative, exquisite cinematography, and masterful performances. Expressively, the work is heavy in its commentary on the act of writing. The novel explores the distinction between childhood and adulthood, the nature of perspective, the pull of regret, and, perhaps most We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. McEwan’s imaginative story, complicated characters, and immense detail make this book one of the most powerful books I have read. Author: Ian McEwan. Scott. Atonement is the story of how a young girl’s desire to be an adult, in addition to a vivid imagination, leads her to make a partially innocent mistake that has devastating consequences. The writing can be seen from several viewpoints in literary theory. sh/thebookchemist0820 Michael Chabon's theory of literary . Sep 20, 2001 · 522,302 ratings22,866 reviews. ) subject, (2. 7, 2007. 13-year-old Briony Tallis self-importantly prepares for the debut performance of The Trials of Arabella, a short play she has written about a young woman who overcomes various trials to elope with a penniless doctor. The authors viewpoint on the difficult balance that must be struck Jan 21, 2021 · William Lane Craig. His other award-winning novels are The Child in Time, which won the 1987 That novel, Atonement itself, reverts to the model of nineteenth century fiction, in which a narrative deity controls everything. "Atonement" is structurally comparable to a three-act play, with a brief epilogue. The three central characters are Briony, the younger daughter of the wealthy Tallis family, her older sister Cecilia and Robbie Turner, Cecilia's childhood friend. An Academy Award -winning film version of the story appeared in 2007. On a hot day in the summer of 1934, 13-year-old Briony sees her older sister Cecilia strip off her clothes and plunge into the fountain in the garden of their country house. 7 out of 5 stars 3,966 ratings Apr 11, 2008 · The book’s back cover labels the contributors as “four evangelical scholars” without reservation, but some statements in the book create a level of interpretive tension. Meanwhile, Briony’s older sister Cecilia holds Atonement Ian McEwan, 2002 Random House 480 pp. Set in three time periods, 1935 England, Second World War England and France, and present-day England, it covers an upper-class girl's half-innocent mistake that ruins lives, her adulthood in the Summary: Chapter Two. Liss has the start of another solidly researched, action-packed historical series here. [1] Jun 27, 2015 · This review is also posted on Book by Book. This one day takes up about a third of the book. Briony Tallis is a literary, self-important 13-year-old who lives in an English country estate in 1935. JamesHitchcock 21 September 2007. He developed well the historical data and even sheds new light on the Church Fathers. May 7, 2024 · The Atonement Child: A Novel (A Heart-Wrenching but Uplifting Contemporary Christian Fiction Novel) Paperback – May 7, 2024 by Francine Rivers (Author) 4. R. At 848 pages this is a powerful tool for preachers and teachers and other serious students of the Bible. Therefore, history shows a wide variety of views on how Christ’s death on the cross accomplishes human salvation. 4. Daniel’s cousin, Giselle, explains that she was fired from her job at a Swiss bank after supposedly mishandling a wire transfer. Amsterdam is a 1998 novel by British writer Ian McEwan. Atonement: Part 1, Chapter 1. Allen, is the distinguished professor and director of the Center…. The novel shows how poisonous one’s imagination might turn to be for others if not applied correctly to real-life events. Like the novel, it explores love, class, war, lies and the very act of storytelling itself. Minor resemblances between this novel by Ian McEwan and Henry James’s What Maisie Knew have already been noticed and are of some interest. The Tallises' upper-class life is depicted at length in a slow-moving portrait of the day, seemingly from Atonement is truly deserving of all the great reviews that it received when it was first published in 2001 and continues to be ever so popular even today. In recompense, the man offers the farmer’s family his own Atonement: Part 1, Chapter 1. Separated by war. 1935, 13 year-old Briony (Ronan) changes several lives when she misreads her sister's (Knightley) relationship with the housekeeper's son (McAvoy). Rich in historical detail, this well-paced novel delves into the complicated circumstances surrounding Maccabean Revolt. It is based on the 2001 novel of the same name by Ian McEwan. ISBN-13: 9780307387158 Summary Winner, 2001 National Book Critics' Circle Award Ian McEwan’s symphonic novel of love and war, childhood and class, guilt and forgiveness provides all the satisfaction of a brilliant narrative and the provocation we have come to expect from this master of English prose. 'The End of Innocence', Los Angeles Times Book Review, 10 March 2002: 3. . Publication date There are no reviews yet. Enduring Love. Kim’s Rating: 5 stars. It presents the power of the human imagination and what can happen when our imaginations run wild. The Atonement Child is a stirring read, leaving the reader wanting to strengthen their personal relationship with God. Reviewed By: Kim. McEwan is now married to Annalena McAfee, a Oct 4, 2001 · Frank Kermode. The first part, taking up half the novel, is set on the hottest day of 1935 on the English country estate of the Tallis family, and revolves around a family gathering. Another novel from this project is Julian Barnes’ The Sense of an Ending, which is written 10 years after Atonement. Aug 6, 2021 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The novel was a New York Times Bestseller for seven straight weeks and shortlisted for the Booker Prize for fiction in 2001. The New York Times Book Review 107 (March 10, 2002): 8. Thirteen-year-old fledgling writer Briony Tallis irrevocably changes the course of several lives when she accuses her older sister's lover of a crime he did not commit. 2h 3m. bk ez xu hk rt xw fi wq oo md