Angular velocity and speed. Subscribed. 67 r a d s 2. Velocity, being a vector, has both a magnitude and a direction. The rope can bear a maximum tension of 50 N. Since an object is moving in a circle, its Learn the difference between Periodic and Oscillatory Motion. In non uniform circular motion,there will be a tangential force changing the velocity of the particle. Centripetal acceleration ( a c. In symbols, this is ω = Δθ Δt ω = Δ θ Δ t , where an angular rotation Δ θ takes place in a time Δ t. Jul 14, 2015 · So, from this point we can say the particle can have any velocity. To get the answer and workings of the angular force using the Nickzom Calculator – The Calculator Encyclopedia. 8, the period is given by Equation 11. Our Horizontal Circle Simulation simulates the motion of three different objects moving in a horizontal circle while analyzing the effect that modifcations in a variable Dec 19, 2019 · To reach the top of the loop h = 2r h = 2 r, the diameter of the circle. The minimum increase in its orbital velocity required, so that the satellite could escape from the earth’s gravitational field, is close to : (Neglect the effect of atmosphere. ω = constant. First, you need to obtain the app. The string, on the other hand, can only pull along its length, not push. Sep 12, 2022 · The centripetal force causing the car to turn in a circular path is due to friction between the tires and the road. The linear power when the force is a constant is P = . At mean position, x = 0. V c = 45 × 0. The vector Δ→v points toward the center of the circle in the limit Δt → 0. 1 2mu2 = 1 2mv2 + 2mgr 1 2 m u 2 = 1 2 m v 2 + 2 m g r. We have now seen how to calculate the average velocity between two positions. 2. 25kg ⋅ m2 = 6. 5. 8 inches/s . Step 2: Find the minimum speed of the object (the speed at the top of the circle) using the formula vmin=√rg v min = r g . Any other circular motion will require a larger angular velocity. in the video, he writes down Newton's 2nd Law in the x-direction, which is the direction that is toward the center since the circle is horizontal. Linear and angular velocities are related to the speed of an object based on the perspective chosen. If the net torque is constant over the angular displacement, Equation 10. We can find the velocity of the object anywhere along its path by using some fundamental principles of calculus. (10. Here, the only forces acting on the bob are the force of gravity (i. If the object is constrained to move in a circle and the total tangential force acting on the object is zero, Ftotal θ = 0 F θ total = 0 then (Newton’s Second Law), the tangential acceleration is zero, aθ = 0 a θ = 0. Consequently, the speed of a body in a circular motion is S = 2 πr T where r is the radius of the circle and T represents the time period. This equation can be derived from the centripetal force equation, Fc = mv²/r, and setting the The condition for circular motion you stated is right to some extent. May 21, 2023 · Step 1: Identify the radius of the vertical circular motion, r in meters, and the approximation of the centripetal acceleration due to gravity, g in meters per second squared. The situation is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. However, we should discuss how the Sep 7, 2022 · Calculate uniform circular motion parameters like frequency, speed, angular velocity, and centripetal acceleration using our circular motion calculator. 5) W = ∮ B ⋅ d r = 0. This is speed is independent of the mass of Feb 20, 2022 · α = τ I = 375N ⋅ m 56. 673 x 10 -11 N•m 2 /kg 2, Mcentral is the mass of the central body about which the satellite orbits, and R is the average radius of orbit for the satellite. ‍. Find the maximum speed at which the object can be rotated in a uniform circular motion without breaking the rope. ”. 3. Dec 22, 2016 · 3. 1 Circular Motion Kinematics. Oct 5, 2012 · The minimum speed can be found by using the formula T+mg=mv^2/r, but the tension does not need to be calculated. α = 0. . Velocity is defined by speed and direction, so although an object&#x27;s speed is constant, its direction changes constantly as it moves Circular motion, centripetal acceleration, in a uniform gravitational field Problem : Find the minimum rotational frequency (i. mv2 r = mg m v 2 r = m g. The two triangles in the figure are similar. This unit covers the basics of uniform and non-uniform circular motion, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and centripetal force. Therefore, the minimum speed is when T=0, or when v is less than the minimum speed. 3) A object of mass 10 Kg is tied to a rope and rotated in a uniform circular motion. Determine (a) the velocity vector, and (b) the acceleration vector. It is denoted by. 3cm}$ where l is the length of Sep 12, 2022 · Power for rotational motion is equally as important as power in linear motion and can be derived in a similar way as in linear motion when the force is a constant. INSTRUCTIONS: Choose units and enter the following: Speed of Circular Motion (v): The calculator computes the velocity in meters per second. (b) Velocity vectors forming a triangle. We know that \ (F_ {c} = m \frac {v^ {2}} {r}\). In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular arc. 17K subscribers. Apart from angular velocity and angular speed, a particle in circular motion also possesses linear velocity and corresponding linear speed. Another terminology used is banked turn which is defined as the turn or change of direction in which the As a car makes a turn, the force of friction acting upon the turned wheels of the car provides centripetal force required for circular motion. Consider a line from the center of the CD Oct 15, 2018 · Banked curve without friction video: https://youtu. Suggest Corrections. (b) The net force acting upon the object causing this acceleration. Problem (1): A 5-kg object moves around a circular track with a radius of 18 cm at a constant speed of 6 m/s. Where: φ, φ 0: Angular position of the body at the time studied and at the initial moment, respectively. 4. where G is 6. , the weight of the bob) and tension from the string. Circular motion does not have to be at a constant speed. 75. SI units of radians s. Equation of equilibrium. M. Therefore, v = ± ω √a 2 – 0 2 = ± ω √a 2 = ± aω. 4: Period and Frequency for Uniform Circular Motion. For example, if the car was going at say 50mph, and we said that straight up is positive and straight down is negative, than the velocity of the car on the far right of the circle would be +50mph, while the velocity of the car on the far left side would be -50mph. Angular velocity can also be expressed as (angular acceleration = constant): ω = ω o + α t (2c) where . The velocity boost required is simply the difference between the circular orbit velocity and the elliptical orbit velocity at each point. Learn how to find the minimum speed of an object undergoing vertical circular motion given its centripetal acceleration, and see examples that walk through sample problems step-by-step It is the force that pulls or pushes an object toward the center of a circle as it travels, causing angular or circular motion. The fact that it has to remain at the same distance while maintaining a constant speed implies that it&#x27;s velocity keeps changing. Nov 21, 2023 · In the equations, theta is the banking angle, u is the coefficient of friction, g is the gravitational constant (9. 75 m/s. At Top: mv21 r =Ndown + mg m v 1 2 r = N d o w n + m g. We will show the force of gravity, the direction of the veloc When an oscillator begins its motion at the equilibrium position then the velocity-time graph is a cosine graph; The maximum speed of an oscillator is the amplitude, v 0 of the velocity-time graph; For a mass oscillating on a vertical spring: v max occurs when the spring is in its equilibrium position; v = 0 at the amplitude position Mar 26, 2016 · If an object is moving in uniform circular motion at speed v and radius r, you can find the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration with the following equation: Because force equals mass times acceleration, F = ma, and because centripetal acceleration is equal to v2 / r, you can determine the magnitude of the centripetal force needed to keep Feb 26, 2020 · Minimum Speed to Go Around a Loop in Physics. When an object is in uniform circular motion, it is constantly changing direction, and therefore accelerating. The c May 12, 2023 · Step 1: Identify the radius of the vertical circular motion, r in meters, and the approximation of the centripetal acceleration due to gravity, g in meters per second squared. Dec 30, 2014 · Speed of Circular Motion. 5 m, tension = 50 N. 5K views 11 years ago. We have mass = 10 Kg, radius = 0. We will discuss specifically circular motion and spin. The velocity of the satellite is directed tangent to the ellipse. The relationship between the The velocity boost required is simply the difference between the circular orbit velocity and the elliptical orbit velocity at each point. At maximum height, angle that the velocity vector makes with the horizontal, $\theta = 0$. Oct 5, 2012. There is the force of gravity that acts downward upon the bob. 1. Thus, if we give the pendulum a spees less that the minimum, it will not be able to undergo a circular motion and starts to oscilate. Linear velocity is the measure of “the rate of change of displacement with respect to time when the object moves along a straight path. This implies that for a given mass and velocity, a large centripetal force causes a small radius of curvature—that is, a tight curve. It results from the Earth's mass attracting the mass of the bob. Angular velocity is measured in rad/s. The force perpendicular to the velocity (centripetal force) will also have Sep 11, 2017 · This physics video tutorial explains how to calculate the tension force in a rope in a horizontal circle and in a vertical circle using the weight and centri Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity. A minimum coefficient of friction is needed, or the car will move in a larger-radius curve and leave the roadway. To determine the velocities for the ellipse, we state without proof (as it is beyond the scope of this course) that total energy for an Similar motion characteristics apply for satellites moving in elliptical paths. Strategy. We know the velocity of a particle performing S. 8 m/s^2), v is velocity in meters per second, and r is the radius of the circular We begin the study of uniform circular motion by defining two angular quantities needed to describe rotational motion. Jun 30, 2021 · Problem 4: Find out the point in a path at which a particle may have zero tension in a vertical circle of radius ‘r’. This minimum velocity is the one such that the centripetal force is equal to the force of gravity. g = (G • Mcentral)/R2. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body involves the circular motion In this example, I calculate the minimum speed that a roller coaster needs in order to make it around a vertical loop without falling off of its track. Angular Velocity and Acceleration. When Newton solved the two-body under a gravitational central force, he In a sense, yes because velocity includes direction. Figure 6. A special case of this is the circular orbit, which is an ellipse of zero eccentricity. Vc = 33. Our sun moves in nearly a circular orbit about the center of our galaxy, 50,000 light years from a massive black hole at the center of the galaxy. Also called radial acceleration. The direction of the velocity vector is directed in the same direction that the object moves. Sam Hight. 2 rotates about its center—each point in the object follows a circular arc. The mass of the string is assumed to be Jul 20, 2022 · Example 6. However, since objects in the real world move continuously through space and time, we would like to find the velocity of an object at any single point. The magnitude of kinetic friction was given in to be 45. It is a vector quantity. Circular motion is when an object moves in a circular path. 75 m. Centripetal acceleration can be calculated by taking the linear velocity squared divided by the radius of the circle the object is traveling along. Nov 21, 2023 · Tension at the bottom of the circle = m (vB)^2/r + mg. Jul 20, 2022 · 6. The angle the particle makes with the positive x -axis is given by θ(t) = At3 − Bt , where A and B are positive constants. We can find the circular orbital velocities from Equation 13. This condition not only holds for uniform circular motion,but also for non uniform circular motion. 2: (a) A wheel is pulled across a horizontal surface by a force F. v C at A = \(\sqrt{5 \mathrm{g} \ell}\) v C at C = \(\sqrt{g l}\) v C at B = \(\sqrt{3 \mathrm{g} \ell}\) In the case of a critical velocity T A = 6mg T C = 0 T B = 3mg Case ⇒ If v A > \(\sqrt{5 \mathrm{g} \ell}\) Tension in string never becomes zero, particle will continue the Jul 6, 2021 · Well, now I am completely confused after solving a sum which demands to calculate minimum velocity of a rod at the bottom most position so that it completes a vertical circle. The vector Δ→v Δ v → points toward the center of the circle in the limit Δt→ 0. So the minimum velocity needed at the highest point to complete a vertical circle is expressed as √ (gr) Mar 3, 2013 · vertical circular motion - min velocity at top. The motions of the planets around the sun are nearly circular. A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a height ‘h’ from the earth’s surface (radius of earth R ; h < < R). ) is the radian (rad) ω: Angular velocity of the body. the number of rotations per second, not the angular frequency) required to rotate a bucket containing 4 liters of water in a circular path in a vertical plane at an arm's length (about 70 cm) without spilling water. Centripetal force is perpendicular to velocity and causes uniform circular motion. Examples of circular motion include a race car speeding around a circular curve, a toy attached to a string swinging in a circle around your head, or the circular loop-the-loop on a roller coaster. An orbit equation defines the path of an orbiting body around central body relative to , without specifying position as a function of time. There are tons of videos online that show animations of this concept, just look up “SHM as a projection of circular motion” and you will get lots of different ways to A centripetal force is a net force that acts on an object to keep it moving along a circular path. Sep 21, 2017 · Critical velocity formula is expressed as V1 = √ (gr) where g is the acceleration due to gravity and r is the radius of the vertical circular path being traversed by the object. 0 N. Nov 4, 2014 · It is OK for the masss to go faster - but if it goes slower (at the top) it will not remain in the circular orbit. 3 days ago · Uniform circular motion occurs when an object moves with a constant speed and is always at a fixed distance from a point. vecF_"net" = vecF_g+vecT Since this net force results in centripetal motion (the mass travels in a circle at constant speed), the net force is acting as a centripetal force: vecF_c=vecF_g+vecT To "stay in motion" as you say, we mean the mass must Learn how to apply the concepts of circular motion and gravitation to solve problems involving satellites, roller coasters, planets, and more. 1: (a) A particle is moving in a circle at a constant speed, with position and velocity vectors at times t and t + Δt. (a) The magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the object. 7:28. The angle the particle makes with the positive x -axis is given by \(\theta(t)=A t^{3}-B t\) where A and B are positive constants. A particle can travel in a circle and speed up or slow down, showing an acceleration in the direction of the motion. 5 m. 10) α = τ I = 375 N ⋅ m 56. And in accord with Newton's second law of motion, the net force acting upon the satellite is directed in the same From initial position and velocity. Mathematically, when the velocity of the particle v is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, we can write, \ (\begin {array} {l} F = q ( v \times B ) \end {array} \) Here, the magnetic force is directed towards the center of circular motion undergone by the object and acts as a centripetal force. 67rad s2. Open the file Force. Jun 27, 2021 · Radius of curvature at maximum height. The tangential velocity of the tire can be calculated as. Create a pendulum by attaching a string to the force sensor, passing the string over a pulley, and attaching a 200 g mass to the end of the string. Maximum and Minimum velocity. We can't do it because if the velocity at the top is zero, it would instantly drop to the ground below, defeating our purpose of going roundabout. Find the coefficient of kinetic friction for the skier if friction is known to be 45. May 20, 2024 · The motion of the ball is constrained between \(-A\) and \(+A\) (the turning points), and the velocity of the ball, in the \(x\) direction, will be highest when \(x=0\). Conservation of energy can be applied to find the minimum speed needed at the bottom to maintain circular motion. This means that the magnitude of the velocity (the speed) remains The change in velocity due to circular motion is known as centripetal acceleration. #1. 77m/s The net force acting on a mass that is travelling in a vertical circle is composed of the force of gravity and the tension in the string. Sep 12, 2022 · Figure 4. 25 k g ⋅ m 2 = 6. Speed of circular motion: If a body moves in a circle of radius r and covers a distance equal to the circumference of the circle, then 2 π r This distance is covered in time T. Oct 23, 2020 · If the ball is attached to a hard support then it is constrained to move along the circular path, so no matter what the speed, as long as it is non-zero, circular motion will be achieved. Set the force sensor to the ±10 N setting, and calibrate the force sensor with a 200 g mass. Jan 1, 2014 · See more videos at:http://talkboard. In contrast, if the ball is attached to a non-rigid rope, then this constraint is no longer valid. With that we will now establish velocity of the projectile at different point in time or at different points along the trajectory. When objects rotate about some axis—for example, when the CD (compact disc) in Figure 6. 5) (21. In the next few sections, let us discuss the angle of banking and the terminologies used in the banking of roads. If the eccentricity is less than 1 then the equation of motion describes an elliptical orbit. Rotation Angle. Solution. We can write three equations: At bottom: mv2o r =Nup − mg m v o 2 r = N u p − m g. Feb 20, 2023 · In this video I show you how to derive the linear velocity of an object in circular motion v=rω for leaving cert physics. be/zvOR_uXKNGMPhysics Ninja looks at the banked curve problem with friction and finds the minimum and max Sep 12, 2022 · A simple pendulum is defined to have a point mass, also known as the pendulum bob, which is suspended from a string of length L with negligible mass (Figure \ (\PageIndex {1}\)). However, the magnitude should be the same. Jan 11, 2020 · A particle moves in vertical circular motion we have to find minimum speed at the bottom of the circular motion . Example 2. 25 days. v = d s /dt. . In this example we look at the forces that act on a block that is traveling in a vertical loop. If u u is the speed at the bottom and v v is that at the top, then. Oct 15, 2018 · Banked curve without friction video: https://youtu. The magnitude of the velocity vector is the instantaneous speed of the object. m v 2 ⁄ r = T + m g Dec 10, 2023 · The minimum speeds of $\sqrt {4gl}$ and $\sqrt {5gl}$ apply in two different situations. You need the tension in the string to be "greater or equal" to zero, and you need a minimum velocity at the top that depends on the radius of the circular path and the acceleration of gravity. The condition for the minimum speed is when the tension becomes zero, meaning the ball is no longer moving in a circular path. Nov 21, 2009 · The minimum speed for vertical circular motion can be calculated using the equation v = √ (rgtanθ), where v is the minimum speed, r is the radius of the circular path, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and θ is the angle of the circular path. In uniform circular motion, angular velocity (𝒘) is a vector quantity and is equal to the angular displacement (Δ𝚹, a vector quantity) divided by the change in time (Δ𝐭). Causes an object to change its direction and not its speed along a circular pathway. 7. Note that the velocity in the radius equation is related to only the perpendicular velocity, which is where the circular motion occurs. It can be uniform, with a constant rate of rotation and constant tangential speed, or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. au/In this video, we look at how speed, velocity and acceleration are relevant in circular motion. If the car is to just maintain contact with the track at the top of the loop, what is the minimum value for its velocity at this point? (g = 10 m / s 2) Circular Motion Problems: Kinematic. Finding the minimum velocity at the top to maintain vertical Nov 22, 2022 · 1. com. We define angular velocity ω as the rate of change of an angle. Kinetic friction is related to the normal force N N as f k = μ k N f k = μ k N; thus, the coefficient of kinetic friction can be found if we can find the normal force of the skier on All bounded orbits where the gravity of a central body dominates are elliptical in nature. Apr 5, 2019 · How to Calculate Angular Velocity of Motion of Circular Path With The Calculator Encyclopedia. Δ t → 0. period of earth revolution is 365. Jan 16, 2020 · Numerical Problems on Motion in Vertical Circle: Example – 01: A stone weighing 1 kg is whirled in a vertical circle at the end of a rope of length 0. v = ( π radians/s ) ((26 inches) / 2) = 40. A particle is moving in a circle of radius R. In uniform circular motion, the particle executing circular motion has a constant speed and the circle is at a fixed radius. So, radius of curvature at maximum height $=\cfrac {u^2 \cos^2 \theta} {g}$. In case of a rod, applying energy conservation at highest and lowest points, we obtain that $\text{v}_{\text{min}} = \sqrt{4gl} \hspace{0. 6. It is defined as the rate of change in angular displacement of a particle in a circular motion. The circular velocity formula is given by. There are two dominant forces acting upon a pendulum bob at all times during the course of its motion. The pitch is given by Equation 11. Figure 4. As a bucket of water is tied to a string and spun in a circle, the tension force acting upon the bucket provides the centripetal force required for circular motion. youtube. A particle is moving in a circle of radius R . It can have any velocity but WARNING the velocity CANNOT be equal to zero at the topmost point because if the velocity becomes zero, there would be no centripetal force to move the particle to complete the whole The minimum velocity at which the circular motion is possible. 10) (10. So your intuition was pretty good. So we see that the centripetal force in this case is the horizontal component of the tension, Tx = Tsin (30). This equation can be derived from the centripetal force equation, Fc = mv²/r, and setting the Angular velocity ω = 45 rad/s. The formula for the velocity of a body in a circular orbit (orbital speed) at distance r from the centre of gravity of mass M is v = GM r− −−−√ v = G M r. 25. Minimum speed required by the particle at the highest point to complete the vertical circular motion is √ (g r). Find. The greater the rotation angle in a given amount of time, the greater the angular velocity. Its unit in the International System (S. It means all bodies (whether an iron ball or a piece of paper), when dropped (u = 0) from same height should fall with the same rapidity and should take the same time to reach the earth, i t is the minimum velocity given to the particle at the lowest point to complete the circle. 18 (a) A particle is moving in a circle at a constant speed, with position and velocity vectors at times t t and t+Δt. The units for angular velocity are radians per second (rad/s). A further difference between magnetic and electric forces is that magnetic fields do not net work, since the particle motion is circular and therefore ends up in the same place. 4 simplifies and the net torque can be taken out of . ) Acceleration pointed towards the center of a curved path and perpendicular to the object’s velocity. This gives. Thanks to Jacob Bowman for making this video for my channel!. Jul 20, 2022 · The motion of the moon around the earth is nearly circular. In our article on centripetal acceleration, we learned that any object traveling along a circular path of radius r with velocity v experiences an acceleration directed toward the center of its path, a = v 2 r . Thus, the acceleration of a satellite in circular motion about some central body is given by the following equation. ) A roller coaster car of mass 100 k g is on a track that forms a circular loop of radius R = 10 m in the vertical plane. It need not, thus, have the minimum initial velocity $\sqrt{5gR}$. Uniform circular motion equations are as follows: φ = φ 0 + ω · t. Speed is equal to the arc length traveled (S) divided by the change in time (Δ𝐭), which is also equal to |𝒘|R. H. I. The acceleration of the satellite is directed towards the focus of the ellipse. Nickzom Calculator – The Calculator Encyclopedia is capable of calculating the angular velocity. 33. If the bead is constrained to move in a vertical circle (because it is in a pipe or on a wire or attached to the centre by a rigid rod, for example) then the only condition for completing a whole circle is that its speed at the top of the circle is greater than or equal to zero. be/zvOR_uXKNGMPhysics Ninja looks at the banked curve problem with friction and finds the minimum and max Nonuniform Circular Motion. The Uniform Circular Motion Interactive allows a learner to interactively explore the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and force for an object moving in a circle. Solution for (b) We expect the angular acceleration for the system to be less in this part, because the moment of inertia is greater when the child is on the merry-go-round. e. The length of the rope is 0. Oct 11, 2020 · New videos every week! Subscribe to Zak's Lab https://www. Find the velocity of a stone at a) lowest position b) midway when the string is horizontal c) topmost position to just complete the circle. Shad94. At t = 0 , it is located on the x -axis. Aug 19, 2015 · To find the minimum velocity at the bottom-most point, we find the minimum velocity at the uppermost point. The dimension formula of linear velocity is [M]0[L]1[T]-1. Solution: Let the tension in the string at the highest point be T. On the other hand, the tension on top of the circle is given by: Tension on top of the circle = m (vT)^2/r - mg. radius = 0. We express this mathematically as: W = ∮B ⋅ dr = 0 (21. com/channel/UCg31-N4KmgDBaa7YqN7UxUg/Questions or requests? Post your comments below, and Nov 21, 2009 · The minimum speed for vertical circular motion can be calculated using the equation v = √ (rgtanθ), where v is the minimum speed, r is the radius of the circular path, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and θ is the angle of the circular path. 9 The frictional force supplies the centripetal force and is numerically equal to it. t + Δ t. Example 6. To determine the velocities for the ellipse, we state without proof (as it is beyond the scope of this course) that total energy for an What this means is that the minimum speed is reached for $\theta=0$, where \omega_min=\sqrt{L/g}. 8. 6, and the radius of circular motion is given by Equation 11. And there is a tension force acting upward and towards the pivot point of the pendulum. ω = lim ∆t→0 (∆θ/∆t) = dθ/dt. That is the only force in the horizontal plane, so that is equal to the mass times When an object moves in a circular orbit, the centripetal force, mass of the object, radius of the orbit, and orbital velocity are related with the equation {eq}F = m\cdot \dfrac{v^2}{R} {/eq Aug 13, 2020 · The rod can support the ball by pushing upwards on it when it is at the top, and also by pulling when the ball is at the bottom. The Speed of Circular Motion calculator computes the speed ( s) of a particle or point in uniform circular motion based on the radius ( r) of the orbit and the period of rotation, T. ω o = angular velocity at time zero ( rad /s) Sep 12, 2022 · To analyze rolling without slipping, we first derive the linear variables of velocity and acceleration of the center of mass of the wheel in terms of the angular variables that describe the wheel’s motion. Energy equation: Sep 27, 2020 · Force and Circular Motion. is given by, v = ± ω √a 2 – x 2. Determine the circular velocity of the earth if the distance from Sun to Earth is 149500000 km and. zr ba jy ka rv jk vb qo qp hx