Types of spinal fractures. Other causes include injuries to the spine and tumors.

They are the most common type of fracture that occurs with osteoporosis. Sudden downward force shatters and collapses the body of the vertebrae. Apr 28, 2011 · Vertebral fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine account for an estimated 700,000 of the 1. 1 These fractures are Dec 25, 2022 · Only of historical interest, it is worth noting that in the original 1976 article 1, Denis differentiated five types of fractures A-E: type A. Spinal wedge compression fractures are the most common type (~50%) of thoracolumbar spine fractures 4. Atlanto-occipital dissociation. It is designed to be a simple and reproducible method of describing injury patterns 1-3. transverse: a fracture perpendicular to the axis of the bone. In some cases, a spinal fracture can compress or otherwise compromise the spinal cord. There are many different types of fractures. “C1 lesion is a rotational injury combined with a typical anterior lesion. Compression fractures occur mostly in the area at the junction […] Aug 13, 2023 · Hangman’s fracture is the spondylolisthesis at the C2-3 level following bilateral fractures of the pars interarticularis of the axis. spiral: a fracture that looks like a spiral staircase. The AO Spine classification systems is a group of imaging morphology-based classification system, combined with clinical factors for injury of spinal trauma. The fracture typically occurs where the fulcrum is the seatbelt and the point of motion is the spine itself. Most often, this is an unstable fracture needing immediate surgical intervention. 3: with type A vertebral body fracture Sep 27, 2016 · The spinal cord is a complex bundle of nerves and vertebrae, responsible for delivering messages between the brain and the body. Nov 10, 2023 · Types. The breaks happen in the vertebral body, which is the thick, rounded part on the front of each vertebra. They are one of the most common complications Jul 21, 2022 · Best noiseless mattress: Roho Prodigy Premium Mattress Overlay. Trouble bending or twisting your body. The AO Spine system (2013) supercedes the more complex and less reproducible AO Magerl classification 3. fracture of both endplates without kyphosis; mechanism of injury: pure axial load; predilection site: low lumbar region; type B. Spinal fractures are categorized in various ways. Jefferson fracture. 2 However, diagnosis remains challenging 4 This type is an unstable fracture and may cause severe spinal cord compression. comminuted: a fracture in more than two bits. Severe fractures are unstable and often require surgery to remove and replace the damaged vertebra (or vertebrae) and stabilize the spine. However, the incidence of concurrent intra-abdominal A compression fracture is a type of fracture or break in your vertebrae (the bones that make up your spine). hangman fracture : bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2. Spinal compression fractures are most common in older individuals and often occur with relatively minor injuries or even no known injury at all. There are three types of compression fractures: Wedge fracture — This fracture usually occurs in the front of the vertebra, collapsing the bone in the front of the spine and leaving the Dr. Unlike the other widely used system, the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) , the Aug 14, 2023 · A Chance fracture is an unstable spine fracture that typically occurs at the thoracolumbar junction. Typically, these fractures are insufficiency fractures secondary to osteoporosis, although some are pathological secondary to a focal bone lesion. A cervical fracture means that a bone is broken in the cervical (neck) region of the spine. Nov 14, 2021 · The lumbar spine is more mobile than the thoracic spine. On this page, we will be focusing on fractures in the cervical vertebrae in sports Spinal fractures involving vertebrae in the lumbar spine (lower back) can cause pressure on the spinal nerves, resulting in pain. There are many types of cervical spine fracture, some of which are unstable; general indicators Fractures of the cervical spine are classified into three groups based on the level of involvement: C1, C2, and the sub-axial spine (C3 to C7). 1-3 This may be due to the fact that elasticity and mobility in infant spines is much higher than in adults and their pediatric body mass is lower. Seizures mainly induce fractures of the humerus, scapula, hip, and spine. thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) Each has benefits and drawbacks and each incorporates various features of prior systems in an attempt to classify thoracolumbar fractures in a clinically meaningful way. Nov 23, 2021 · the fracture extends right the way across the bone. These injuries are usually caused by osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bone. Jefferson's fracture. 75 x 36 in. If a spinal fracture pinches or irritates a nerve as it heals, pain can continue after healing. Find out how to diagnose and treat spinal fractures with medication, bracing, or surgery. Examples include: Jefferson fracture : ring fracture of C1. Spinal bones are called vertebrae. May 5, 2022 · Transverse fractures occur when your bone is broken perpendicular to its length. 3. 91 x 7. Previous studies showed that the incidence of fractures after seizures was 0. Extreme force like what may be experienced during a car accident or similar hard impact may result in a burst fracture. Bilateral Cervical facet dislocation. Call 911 if you suspect a person has a break in the bones of their spine. Signs of broken rib (s): Small, shallow, uncomfortable, or painful breaths. Pathology. Flexion/Distraction fracture – also known as a Chance fracture, this type often Mar 20, 2023 · An overview of spinal fractures including aetiology, clinical features (symptoms/signs), types of spinal fracture, key investigations and management options. Osteoporosis is a natural phenomenon that occurs with aging. The result looks like a wedge shape. The fracture pattern is a straight line that runs in the opposite direction of your bone. Examples of Unstable Cervical Spine Fractures. There are several different types of fractures that can cause a serious spinal cord injury, here are the most common. Lifting: No lifting of heavy objects. There are Feb 12, 2020 · The two most commonly used systems are: AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries. The cervical spine is susceptible to injury because it is highly mobile with relatively small vertebral bodies and supports the head which is both heavy and acts as a lever. Sep 13, 2008 · Inclusion criteria were: publication date between 1st January 1980 and 31st December 2007, the presence of AS or DISH and a spinal fracture, a sufficiently detailed description of fracture type and trauma mechanism; an adequate description of neurological status, complications and period of follow-up . Osteoporosis is the most common cause of compression fractures. Jun 18, 2024 · Vertebral Compression Fracture . There are a number of other fracture types, including: Avulsion fracture: A muscle or ligament pulls on the bone, fracturing it. These can happen because of a traumatic injury or accident. The result is a wedge shape which affects a person’s posture, often leading to a hunchback shape. These fractures are usually stable and do not cause any short or long term paralysis. 1: transverse bi column fracture. Men are about four times as likely as women are to fracture the lumbar or thoracic spine, and because of the effects of osteoporosis, all senior Ongoing pain, even after the spinal fracture has healed, is caused by the change of shape to your spine. The most common type of spine fracture is a vertebral body compression fracture (Fig. Wedge Fracture – The front of the bone collapses, but the back is unchanged. As a result, a wedge shape forms and can cause a person’s head and torso to pitch forward. type II : transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly. C1 isolated anterior arch fracture. Doctors may divide spinal fractures into mechanism types, such as flexion, extension, and rotation. They can happen to any bone in your body, but usually affect longer bones after a trauma like a fall or accident. Thus, the anterior and middle columns fail in compression (moving together or in "flexion Vertebral fractures and dislocations types. In some cases, when the spinal cord or a nerve root is damaged Aug 6, 2019 · Spinal compression fractures can be caused by many things. As always, it is not so much Main types of spinal fractures. Most thoracic spine fractures are due to accidents, such as an automobile accident, a fall or sports injury. As always, it is not so much May 30, 2024 · The AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries is a commonly used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification system 1,2. types. When a chock fracture occurs, part of the vertebra, typically on the front side of the body, collapses, while the other side stays intact. Severe or multiple injuries*. There are three types of spinal fractures: compression, distraction, and rotation. Apr 6, 2020 · Most spinal fractures occur in the thoracic or lumbar spine. Fractures in the bone cause the spine to weaken and collapse. Shanti. Burst Fractures. Classification In the Denis classification, fracture-dislocation is one of the major injury types, involving failure of all three columns. What is a spinal fracture? A spinal fracture, also known as a vertebral fracture or a broken back, is a fracture in any of the 33 vertebrae that make up the spinal column. Longitudinal fractures (breaks that happen along the length of the bone). Fractures that have a single straight-line break include: Oblique fractures. Dec 27, 2021 · Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. 4. Below are the more common fractures: Compression Fracture. Literature review current through: May 2024. 2). For urgent medical help – use the NHS 111 online service, or call 111 if you're unable to get help online. The classification of spinal injuries has evolved in the past decades to rely on a combination of fracture morphology as defined by Dec 19, 2020 · This type of injury often results from trauma but can also be associated with injuries to the anterior spinal arteries that cause ischemia to the anterior portion of the spinal cord. This type of fracture occurs when your vertebra simply can’t take any more pressure and breaks. A wedge fracture is the most common type of compression fracture. As we get older, our bones weaken. Infection, injury, and tumors can also cause these A thoracic spine fracture, also called a vertebral compression fracture, happens when a bone in the spine collapses. Transverse process fractures are a type of spinal fracture Nov 2, 2022 · But over time, symptoms of a spinal fracture may include: Sudden, severe back pain. The spinal column is made of vertebrae stacked up upon each other. Firmness: Plush. [1] It is the second most common fracture type involving C2 vertebrae after odontoid fractures and represents approximately 4-20% of Spinal fractures are broken up into three distinct categories, which are classified based on the pattern of the spinal fracture and whether or not there was spinal cord damage. This Spinal fractures and dislocations can pinch, compress, and even tear the spinal cord. This can make elderly patients shorter and lead to a rounded back, a hump, or a bent-forward look to the spine. C2. The Stanford Medicine Spine Center delivers accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for a spinal fracture, a break in one of the bones (vertebrae) in your spine. Pathological fractures in this region are also more susceptible to instability 2. Dimensions: 11. References. Treatment depends on the type of fracture and the degree of instability. The stability of the vertebral column must be ascertained in trauma or spinal fractures. Shanti treats a wide range of back injuries and conditions, including spinal fractures. A wedge compression fracture is usually a mechanically stable fracture, but can lead to spinal Compression fractures can be caused by various conditions that weaken the vertebrae or cause a loss of bone density, including: Osteoporosis. type III : oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury. C2 (~30%) and C7 (~20%) are the most commonly fractured levels 7. Other minor fractures consist of laminar, transverse process, or spinous process fractures. As osteoporosis progresses, the vertebrae weaken and become These cause severe back pain and may cause nerve problems. We are routinely ranked as one of the top hospitals in the United States, and our Neurology and Neurosurgery program routinely ranks as one of the Apr 13, 2021 · Spine trauma is a common indication for diagnostic imaging, and there has been a gradual shift to using cross-sectional imaging techniques for screening and evaluating the injured spine, particularly in elderly patients where radiography can be challenging. Cohen sees and treats fall under three broad categories: Compression fractures are most often seen in patients with osteoporosis. This type of fracture can cause damage to the ligaments of the spine or, worse, the spinal cord. 87 inches (in) Size: 81. Vertebroplasty is used most often to treat a type of injury called a compression fracture. dens fracture. It is a horizontal fracture extending from posterior to anterior through the spinous process, pedicles, and vertebral body. Mar 3, 2018 · Introduction. type IV : transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border. A compression fracture occurs when a squeezing force causes a bone to cave in. 2. While osteoporosis is the most common cause, certain types of cancer that either originate in the spine or spread from another part of Sep 14, 2021 · Consequently, strong shear forces would be concentrated in the middle column leading to pedicle fractures and spontaneous spinal decompression (relieving deformities that narrow the spinal canal). Feb 26, 2024 · The AO Spine upper cervical classification system is relatively new, having been described in 2018 and shown to have reproducibility in a pilot study published in 2020 1,2 . This type of fracture includes all fractures that are the result of displacement in the horizontal plane: side-to-side motion, either left-to-right or anterior-to-posterior or side-to-side rotary motion of one vertebral body with respect to another. Dr. A CT shows more detail than an X-ray, and can identify the bones in greater detail, and show the nerves, spinal cord,and any possible damage to them. This topic last updated: Nov 17, 2023. These range in severity from a cracked vertebra to vertebral displacement and spinal cord compression , which can cause paralysis without immediate treatment. C1. Jul 10, 2024 · Vertebral fractures, also known as spinal compression fractures, occur when bones in the spine weaken and collapse. Odontoid fracture, type II or III. All complete spinal cord injuries are AIS A, and this is the most severe ASIA level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio Nov 15, 2022 · Vertebroplasty is a treatment that injects cement into a cracked or broken spinal bone to help relieve pain. 81 x 5. Treatment for spinal fractures depends on the type Jun 23, 2023 · The recovery time for lower back surgery depends on the type surgery as well other factors such as: It generally takes 4–6 weeks to return to work after surgery to treat lower spinal cord There are several types of spinal fractures based on the pattern of injury and the extent of spinal cord injury. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. You will have either a crush, biconcave, or wedge fracture. This change of shape can cause different types of pain. A fall from a high height. Osteoporosis can weaken the bones in the spinal column. Compression fracture. If the force is great enough, it may send bone fragments into the spinal canal, called a burst fracture. This type of fracture can be stable or unstable, meaning bones could move out of place. 3% , 3 and the incidence of spinal fractures induced by seizures was 0. 1. Cervical fractures and dislocations. This is a type of fracture where the vertebrae (building blocks of the spine) caves in on itself due to compression or pressure on the bone. Types of spinal fractures. If left untreated, spinal fractures can lead to permanent spinal cord injury, nerve damage and paralysis. Nov 17, 2023 · Spinal column injuries in adults: Types, classification, and mechanisms. Michael Virk is a widely published neurosurgeon with specialty training in minimally invasive and complex surgery for a wide variety of spine conditions. It usually occurs in the front of the cylinder-shaped vertebra, causing the front of the vertebra to collapse but leaving the back of the bone intact, resulting in a wedge shape. When the spine suffers a fracture or a break, it can have devastating consequences. Key points about fractures. There are several types of compression fractures. Dec 28, 2022 · Common types of spinal compression fractures. Comminuted fracture: An impact shatters the bone into many May 1, 2015 · The Thoraco-Lumbar Injury Classification and Severity score (TLICS) is a classification system for thoracolumbar spine injuries, designed to assist in clinical management. Wedge Fracture: It is a common type of spinal compression fracture. This is the most common type. Adoption is not yet widespread and at many institutions, injuries will still be described using more traditional terminology or site-specific classification systems. The thoracolumbar junction is the most common location of traumatic fractures due to the transition point of increased mobility. [2] The most common causes of cervical fractures are motor vehicle accidents, falls, violence, and sports activities. Mnemonic: "Jefferson Bit Off A Hangman's Thumb". Burst and chance fractures are due to physical trauma, such as that sustained during: Car accidents. The first 3 months after admission were Dec 18, 2023 · A spinal cord injury (SCI) happens when there’s damage to your spinal cord, a thick bundle of nerve fibers that allows your brain to communicate with other nerves almost everywhere else in your body. 2: with type A vertebral body fracture. Flexion teardrop. Spinal tumors. 7,8 Brown-Sequard syndrome is caused by a hemisection of the spinal cord and is most commonly associated with penetrating trauma affecting the dorsal column Nov 8, 2022 · The basic types of spinal fractures include: 1) vertebral compression fractures, 2) vertebral burst fractures, and 3) fracture-dislocations, which involve significant damage to the facet joints. Unlike other classifications, the TLICS is an easy scoring system that depicts the features important in predicting spinal stability, future deformity, and progressive Minor fractures of the spine can be healed with rest and medication, however, more severe fractures might require surgery to realign the bones. Transverse fractures. People can develop spinal fractures unrelated to trauma. A curved Oct 2, 2021 · Compression fractures are small breaks or cracks in the vertebrae (the bones that make up your spinal column). 5 million osteoporotic fractures occurring annually in the United States. This makes it sound like trauma must be involved. Radiologists and orthopedists have identified dozens of different types of fractures that can affect the spine. We help relieve the symptoms of a spinal fracture, which may include pain in the back or neck made worse by movement. Vertebral bones on one side of the body, usually the front, collapse. When the vertebrae in the spine weaken, they can narrow and become flatter. Feb 12, 2020 · The two most commonly used systems are: AO classification of thoracolumbar injuries. Types of spinal fractures are: Compression fracture: A compression fracture is usually caused by Feb 22, 2019 · 2. How “heavy” is “heavy” varies not only from person to person, but also the way in Feb 26, 2024 · Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. C1 isolated posterior arch fracture. The spine surgeons at Och Spine at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center are fortunate to be part of the NewYork-Presbyterian team (see Doctors Who Treat Spinal Compression Fractures). almost all fractures in adults are complete. Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis, though first described in 1866, the term “Hangman's fracture” was coined in 1965. Apr 7, 2022 · A wide variety of fractures and dislocations have been described associated with convulsive events. Nerve pain. There are many different types of spinal fractures: Compression, Burst General advice following spinal fractures Following a spinal fracture there are certain measures you can adopt that may protect your spine and reduce the pain felt during the healing process. The C2 lesion is a rotational injury with a typical B type lesion and the C3-lesion is characterised by multilevel and shear injuries with a big variety and quite rare forms in their May 21, 2023 · type I : avulsion of anterior glenoid margin. fracture of the vertebral body There are eight main types of spinal fractures: Wedge fracture. If you break any of the 33 vertebrae bones in your spinal column, it’s a type of spinal fracture. Over time, these fractures affect posture. With this type of fracture, the entire vertebra is broken in multiple places. Occasionally, compression or other types of spinal fractures result from great force, as may occur in a car crash, a fall from a height, or a gunshot wound. The spinal cord is one of the two components of your central nervous Sep 8, 2022 · Pathology. 1: through the pedicles. Unable to safely move them*. However, other common causes of compression fractures include a fall, excessive pressure or some kind of physical injury. Fractures of the odontoid process are categorized into 3 types: type I, type II, and type III, depending on the location and 3. These injuries can range from minor and manageable to severe and permanent. Aug 23, 2023 · The thoracolumbar spine area at T10-L2 is the most common region of the spine affected by trauma due to the specific biomechanics of this segment. This topic review describes injuries to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spinal column, including fractures, dislocations, and subluxations of the vertebrae, and injuries to the Bleeding or bone protruding through skin*. compression fracture. This area is commonly referred to as the thoracolumbar junction. 04%. Returns: Within 30 days. In such cases, a spinal cord injury may also be present, and the spine may be fractured in more than one place. A lumbar vertebral body replacement involves replacement of the affected Spinal (vertebrae) fracture. Significant cause of injury*. “The most common causes are poor sitting posture, muscle weakness or tightness, strain of Computerized tomography (CT) is a noninvasive procedure that uses X-rays to produce a three-dimensional image of the spine. A cervical dislocation means that a ligament injury in the neck has occurred, and two (or more) of the adjoining spine bones have become abnormally separated from each other, causing instability. May 25, 2024 · Chance fracture is also known as the "seatbelt fracture". Walton Centre Acute and Trauma Physiotherapist team: 0151 556 3863. These include numbness, tingling, weakness, or bowel/bladder problems. Fractures of the spine in children and adolescents are rare and cause 0. Compression Dec 1, 2022 · Learn about the different types of spinal fractures, such as compression, burst, flexion, and transverse process fractures, and how they are caused by trauma, osteoporosis, or cancer. A compression fracture is usually defined as a vertebral bone in the spine that has decreased at least 15 percent to 20 percent in height due to fracture. . AO Spine has published four injury classification systems: May 7, 2018 · The 5 Basic Types of Spinal Fractures. Loss of height. There are many types of cervical spine fracture, some of which are unstable; general indicators • Pincer type fracture Deformation of one endplate with distinct posterior wall involvement • With posterior wall > 1/5 involved Injuries with anterior or posterior tension band failure • Injuries with signs of distraction, rotation, or translation • Hyperextension with anterior tension band failure START YES YES NO NO YES YES YES NO NO NO May 3, 2021 · Burst fracture: The vertebra loses height in both the front and back, so the spinal column itself loses height. Apr 3, 2023 · Diagnosing a Sacral Fracture. Pain can also continue if nerves become overly sensitive. [lwptoc] Wedge Sep 9, 2020 · The ASIA impairment scale consists of 5 categories: AIS A indicates no motor and no sensory function remain below level of injury. fracture of the superior endplate (CT may also demonstrate a sagittal Fracture-Dislocation – This occurs when one vertebra is moved with force off the top of the adjacent vertebra, often causing significant compression/damage to the spinal cord. Signs and symptoms of shock*. Burst fractures are typically higher-energy injuries. The types of spinal fractures Dr. This can either be the direction a break goes (if it’s a straight light across your bone) or its shape (if it’s more than a single line break). Bony fragments sometimes dislodge and affect the spinal cord itself or nearby nerve roots. Hangman's fracture. In addition to spinal compression fractures, his specialties include scoliosis, spinal tumors, trauma, degenerative disease, radiculopathy, herniated discs, and spinal stenosis. Crush Fracture – The entire vertebrae fractures, not just the front of the vertebrae. Walton Centre Spinal Trauma Clinical Nurse Specialist: 0151 556 3242. B2. Patients can have a cervical fracture or dislocation, or both. A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. However, not all spinal fractures Jun 20, 2019 · One of the most common spinal injuries, are known to be the compression fractures. Odontoid fracture. If the fracture does not require surgical stabilization, a more rigid and motion-limiting orthosis is indicated. But, five of the most common types include: Compression Fractures. While many spinal fractures are minor and asymptomatic (shows no symptoms), some severe cases will need surgical intervention. Often unilateral or bilateral facet dislocation is seen in rotational fractures. 6-3% of all spinal damages. Preventing and treating osteoporosis is the best way to decrease your risk for compression fractures. Therefore, the spine tears apart in a horizontal fracture into the upper and lower parts. AIS B refers to an incomplete injury where sensory function is preserved below level of injury, but no motor function remains. Pain that gets worse when you stand or walk. This leads to a hunchback shape. Used for spinal stabilization; soft flexible orthoses are contraindicated in an unstable spine. For life-threatening emergencies – call 999 for an ambulance. This occurs most often in the lower vertebrae in the thoracic spine. Depending on your general health and the type of trauma you’ve endured, different types of fractures are created. Unlike the other widely used system, the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) , the Feb 26, 2024 · The AO Spine upper cervical classification system is relatively new, having been described in 2018 and shown to have reproducibility in a pilot study published in 2020 1,2 . Fractures that occur during daily activities are most commonly due to weakened bones from osteoporosis, tumors, or May 30, 2024 · The AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries is a commonly used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification system 1,2. One can overlook Chance fractures on clinical exam because patients rarely present with a neurological deficit. . Multiple wedge fractures can lead to kyphosis, a condition in which the upper back curves forward. Dislocation fractures are caused by a combination of significant forces on the spine as in twisting, pushing, pulling, and/or compression. May 30, 2024 · The AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries is a commonly used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification system 1,2. 2: posterior osseous disruption with transverse disc disruption. May 30, 2024 · B1. Pain, swelling & bruising. 2: through the interarticular portions (flexion spondylolysis) B2. May 16, 2024 · Epidemiology. It is highly susceptible to injury because it is a transition area from the rigid and less mobile thoracic spine due to the attached ribs bilaterally to a more flexible caudal lumbar Sep 8, 2022 · Pathology. 2% of all fractures in the pediatric population whereas structural lesions account for 0. Price: $297. Injury to head, neck, spine, pelvis or upper leg*. Such types of spinal injuries often occur in people with conditions likes Osteoporosis. Mar 3, 2024 · The odontoid process is a pivotal point for rotation, with the first cervical vertebra (C1, or the atlas) rotating around it to provide the most significant single component of lateral rotation in the cervical spine. oblique: a fracture oriented obliquely across the bone. The most common types of spine fractures are compression fractures affecting the lower back (lumbar), the mid-back (thoracic) or the area where these two sections connect (thoracolumbar junction). Unlike the other widely used system, the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) , the Aug 23, 2020 · There are several types of vertebral fractures: compression fracture, burst fracture, chance fracture (also called a flexion/distraction fracture), and fracture-dislocation. If you are having pain in the lower back, there are many possible causes. Other causes include injuries to the spine and tumors. They commonly happen in car accidents or falls from heights. The most common cause of this type of spinal fracture is a car accident. If you have questions about spinal fractures or minimally invasive spine surgery, call (919) 297-0000 to make an appointment with Dr. B2: predominantly osseous flexion-distraction injury. Fracture types. The three major types of spine fractures are compression fractures, axial burst fractures, and chance fractures, though miscellaneous fractures do exist. In the United States, approximately 700,000 people experience vertebral fractures each year. sg ok bw zf dc ta kx ud cc nr