Szociopata teszt. Jun 2, 2017 · Szociopata és pszichopata.

Szociopata teszt. au/wojj/motorola-mototrbo-cps-2.

Szociopata teszt. It often comes with the juxtaposition of “sociopath vs. Jul 27, 2023 · A szociopata fenyegetéssé válhat, bűnözői magatartást tanúsíthat, veszélyes kultuszt szervezhet és/vagy kárt okozhat magának és másoknak. Egyes pszichiáterek szerint a két megnevezés közt nincs különbség, ugyanazt az embertípust jelölik, míg mások szerint ezek az antiszociális személyiségzavar két altípusát képviselik. However, this doesn’t mean they’re devoid of feelings; no, in fact, their own emotions can be quite intense. However, it’s essential to note that Dec 26, 2023 · Since many people who have ASPD don't recognize these traits as a problem, watching for consistent behavior patterns is necessary. Sociopathy is an informal term that refers to a pattern of antisocial behaviours and attitudes. Summary. Tendency to exaggerate talents and achievements. A szociopaták manipulatívak és összekapcsolódók, hiányzik az empátia, és gyenge a lelkiismeretük, amely lehetővé teszi számukra, hogy vakmerően Oct 9, 2022 · Teszteld magad pszichológiai kérdéseinkkel. Delve into this thought-provoking assessment that goes Sep 27, 2022 · Antisocial personality disorder is the formal mental health diagnosis for what’s commonly referred to as “sociopathy. 34750. In extreme cases, a sociopath can also be manipulative and lie for their own benefit. Rögtön vonzónak, karizmatikusnak látszanak, és erős szexuális kisugárzásuk is van, de nem szabad ennek bedőlni. for the purposes of misdirection or a false sense of intimacy/trust. of questions – 20. Instability when it comes to work and home life. Revelations of actual truths are very rare and may be perceived as a small slip of the mask. In the test, a clinician interviews a potential sociopath and scores them on 20 criteria, such as Jul 9, 2021 · People with narcissistic personality disorder often present with five or more specific symptoms, including: grandiosity and self-importance. And best of all, the results are instant. This quiz is designed to help you explore the intricate facets of your personality and assess whether you display any characteristics commonly associated with sociopathy. It can enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of the assessment. És ezek közül a pszichológiai típusok közül melyik a tiéd? Tegye meg a tesztet, hogy megtudja! Jan 11, 2017 · A szociopátia, más néven antiszociális személyiségzavar jellegzetes tünete a felületes báj, amelyet az érintettek fel is használnak annak érdekében, hogy elérjék céljaikat. The 3 Minute Sociopathy Test is based on famous and well-regarded instruments for the assessment of the clinical concept of sociopathy, which is also known as psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder. Those with this condition or sociopathic tendencies are more prone to break the law, lie, and cheat. Increased sense of self-importance and self-esteem may be exhibiting narcissism. Not show guilt or remorse. inability to distinguish between . Interpreting your results with the help of a Mar 22, 2023 · This test has 10 items on a 5-point scale ranging from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree. ) Oct 13, 2022 · In addition to lying, manipulation, and lack of empathy, high-functioning sociopaths are often calculated, narcissistic, secretive, and quick to anger. Sajnálatos módon mindenki találkozik élete során nárcisztikus vagy szociopata emberrel. Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy for others. These screening tests have proved valid and reliable * in estimating the risk of disorders of aggression, including psychopathy, conduct disorder, and callous-unemotional traits. Egy személy a szociopátia számos jelét mutathatja, mint például a lelkiismeret-furdalás hiánya, a törvény figyelmen kívül hagyása, valamint a hazudozás és a manipuláció szokása. Our goal is to find patterns among the vast number of ways that people differ from one another in terms of their thoughts, feelings, interests, abilities, desires, values, and preferences. These are some common signs of ASPD: Lack of empathy for others Nov 24, 2020 · The quiz takes you through a series of statements, and you indicate whether or not you agree with the statement on a scale of “completely disagree” to “completely agree. Jan 9, 2019 · According to Masand, some of the more common signs of ASPD can include: behavior that conflicts with social norms. psychopath. Our free Big 5 personality test measures your personality. , 2003) The Psychopathy Checklist or Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, now the Psychopathy Checklist—revised ( PCL-R ), is a psychological assessment tool that is commonly used to assess the presence and extent of the personality trait psychopathy in individuals May 23, 2023 · Heidi, Kirsten. Our Personality Testing Tool is the result of meticulous development by a licensed psychologist who is also a dedicated psychology researcher. A szociopata emberek vonzó, spontán személyiségek, remek beszélőkészséggel áldotta meg őket a sors. Jun 9, 2022 · Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a mental health condition — a personality disorder in cluster B — that features a pattern of behavior characterized by a persistent disregard for how Nov 11, 2021 · About 1% of females and 3% of males have antisocial personality disorder (so the prevalence in men is about triple that in women). Ha elég szerencsés vagy, akkor csak a munkád, vagy valamilyen rendezvény alkalmával. This quiz is not meant to diagnose psychopathy or tell This is interactive version of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, a test of sociopathy. Szociopata teszt: Van-e antiszociális személyiségzavarom? Jei. Basically, it is a tool designed to help you determine if someone has an antisocial personality disorder. This quiz will grade your sociopathic tendencies 8793. , Ph. Gyér érzelmi életük van, szeretnek másokat manipulálni, hazudozni, nem A highly qualified test creator. Which of these psychological types is yours? Take the quiz to find out! The sociopath test comprises of 24 direct questions that are targeted at the main experiences and feelings a person with this condition might be going through. Crane, M. This quiz style is a ton of fun for us to make, and we love it when we get the right result for you! Take our Am I A Sociopath test to see whether or not you have sociopath tendencies. Adult Gender Dysphoria Quiz. The test consists of twenty seven statements that must be rated on how much you agree with them. May 28, 2019 · High-functioning sociopaths can often hold down jobs and maintain relationships or marriages. You’ll be scored separately on Psychopathy and Sociopathy. A szociopaták leggyakoribb jellemzői. Here are a few comparative characteristics of both: Psychopaths are considered more cold-hearted and manipulative, while sociopaths are hot-headed. No. During the manic phase, patients may experience: High levels of energy. A pszichopaták ezzel szemben gyakran elbűvölő személyiségű, vagy ártalmatlannak tűnő emberek, akik könnyen megszerzik mások bizalmát, és bizony vissza is élnek vele. Taking a self-administered Sociopath Test is one of the quickest and easiest ways to determine if you are experiencing symptoms of Sociopath. Sociopathy, also known as antisocial personality disorder, is a complex condition characterized by a lack of empathy, disregard for societal norms, and manipulative behaviors. This sociopath assessment aims to identify signs and symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Dec 1, 2023 · Tento test je navržen tak, aby vám pomohl získat určitou představu o tom, zda můžete být psychopat nebo sociopat, neslouží však jako diagnostický nástroj. However, the medical term to define a sociopath is mainly Anti-Social Personality Disorder. The official symptoms from the DSM-5 include the following: A pattern of disregard for the rights of others, occurring at least since 15 years of life. The term psychopath is used to convey a sociopath who is simply more dangerous, like a mass murderer. 1. Is there a definitive line that divides crazy from sane? With a hair-raising delivery, Jon Ronson, author of The Psychopath Test, illuminates the gray areas between the two. Apr 5, 2024 · Sociopath is a non-clinical term used to describe those with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Apr 24, 2023 · Symptoms. After you complete the assessment, you will be provided with a score, and an estimate of how a person with that score Apr 10, 2022 · Ma már számos módon tesztelhetjük a különböző személyiségzavarokat (ASPD teszt, pszichopata teszt, szociopata teszt stb. Impulsiveness. com/authenticmentalhealth----- Nov 26, 2020 · They are unreliable and irresponsible, oblivious to the harm they may cause. A szociopátia egy antiszociális személyiségzavar, amelyet bárki szenvedhet - a szomszéd, főnök, barát, férj, gyermek, helyi rendőr stb. They might struggle to understand the emotions of those around them. Feb 26, 2019 · Success is based on survival of the fittest; I am not concerned about the losers. It should take no more than 20 minutes to complete, and offers immediate results when you are done. Dec 11, 2020 · Again, while there is no specific “sociopathic test,” there are specific criteria outlined in the DSM-5 that describe someone who has antisocial personality disorder. Mind Diagnostics is on a mission to destigmatize mental health issues and help people find the support they need. Test procedure. Cover of Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (2nd ed. e. Please read each question carefully, and indicate how often you have experienced the same or similar signs. Manipulation. Nov 5, 2018 · Need help with your Mental Health? Visit our sponsor and get help here: https://betterhelp. Excessive, rapid, and sometimes incoherent speaking. The Sociopath Test is an online questionnaire that can be taken from anywhere at any time. It is a mental health issue when a person consistently struggles to interact with social standards in a healthy way. 3. It will be unclear to you whether they are bored Sociopath Test. You can take our test to find out whether you're a left-brain or right-brain Are you a sociopath? Take the test! Aug 18, 2023 · A narcissistic sociopath derives satisfaction from manipulating, deceiving, and abusing others in order to get what they want. Možná jste někdy slyšeli pojmy “sociopat” nebo “psychopat” a přemýšleli jste, kam patříte. október 9. A list of sociopath test questions is mentioned in this test which is related to life experiences that are common among people who have sociopathic traits. With expertise in qualitative market research, quantitative evaluations of psychological tests, and extensive experience in social attitudes research, our psychologist Der 3-Minuten-Soziopathie-Test basiert auf bekannten und anerkannten Instrumenten zur Beurteilung des klinischen Konzepts der Soziopathie, die auch als Psychopathie oder antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung bezeichnet wird. A szociopatát úgy szokták meghatározni, mint olyan embert, akiből hiányzik a képesség, hogy szeressen másokat, vagy szimpatizáljon másokkal. The sociopath’s charm and charisma is often used as a means to exploit other people. Studies have shown that people who score high on the Dark Triad are more likely Nov 2, 2017 · Egy szociopata személyiség az első találkozás alkalmával bájos, kedves, udvarias, és igyekszik érdeklődőnek mutatkozni, valójában viszont nem foglalkoztatják a válaszaid. Účelem tohoto testu tedy není stanovit, zda jste doopravdy psychopat, ale pouze určit, zda se u vás objevují některé psychopatické sklony. In contrast to other psychopathy measures, this test is intended to comprehensively index Mar 28, 2024 · Take the Sociopath Test to gain valuable insights into your psyche and discover if you exhibit sociopathic tendencies. Some with sociopathy Nov 14, 2022 · Sociopath is a term people use, often arbitrarily, to describe someone who is apparently without conscience, hateful, or hate-worthy. Medically Reviewed: Randy Bressler, PsyD. Big Five Test This test will measure your personality on the Big Five, which A list of questions is mentioned in this screening test for psychopathy which is related to life experiences that are common among people who have Psychopathic Traits. A szociopaták hiányosságának gyakran az a Szociopata vagy? Vagy egy pszichopata? Általános szabály, hogy a pszichopaták bájosak és igénytelenek, míg a szociopaták kegyetlen kitaszítottak és egoisták. Jul 7, 2023 · 289 days ago. Dec 15, 2023 · 3. Signs of Bipolar Disorder. Scoring: After completing the test, tally your score based on Nov 18, 2020 · This quiz is designed to help give you some idea about whether or not you may be a psychopath or sociopath, or have psychopathic tendencies. In contrast, psychopaths, although having overlapping traits with sociopaths, tend to have a MaryKate. Except for books, Amazon will display a List Price if the product was purchased by customers on Amazon or offered by other retailers at or above the List Price in at least the past 90 days. Visit us for your evaluation. They may use charm, charisma, humor, or other disguises to get people to trust Continue. narcissism. Nyugi, az eredmény nem tekinthető diagnózisnak, hiszen ez csak egy önbevallás alapján kitölthető online teszt, aminek az a célja, hogy képet kapj arról, rendelkezel-e pszichopátiás hajlamokkal vagy sem. “Daniel Sloss: SOCiO - Sociopath Test” Sep 27, 2022 · Sociopathy is often related to a higher chance of criminality and deceitfulness and may sometimes be related to low empathy and lack of remorse. Sociopaths are manipulative and cunning, lack empathy, and have a weak conscience that allows them to act recklessly or aggressively, even when they know their behaviour is wrong. These online tests are typically based on the diagnostic criteria for sociopathy listed in the Diagn and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and are Taking the sociopath personality disorder test can provide valuable insights into your personality traits and behaviors. Consider the person's relationships with others. As a result, people are sure that ASPD means that a person is prone to physical harm and should be avoided at all costs. Yes, sociopaths are more hot-headed, but it is far-fetched to The Big 5 Personality Test. (With live-mixed sound by Julian Treasure and animation by Evan Grant. Nov 10, 2023 · Researchers use the term "psychopath" to describe someone who is callous, unemotional, and manipulative. Circle us on Google +: http://goo. Jun 25, 2023 · According to DSM-5, someone who shows persistent anti-social behaviors or tends to manipulate or hurt others might be a sociopathic person. gl/1HkVBF Subscribe Chan Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a series of emotional and behavioral symptoms such as: Grandiosity. Left or Right Brain Test. Now, this quiz will not give you a straight yes or Jan 3, 2024 · Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a personality disorder in the DSM-5. A rendellenesség nem eredendõ: míg az ember pszichopatának születik, a szociopátia a gyermekkorban elszenvedett trauma következménye, valószínûleg akár testi vagy érzelmi erõszak is. Find the right BetterHelp therapist for you. All you have to do is go thought the sociopath symptoms questions, choose your answers within the 4 sections, press “Test Sociopath!” button, then the test will count your answers Each takes only a few minutes to complete. Test yourself with this amazing sociopath test. sense of specialness and uniqueness. Sociopaths frequently hesitate before responding. They’re often impulsive and irresponsible The SAPA Project is a collaborative research tool for studying patterns of human behavior. Their records of bad behavior go back to childhood. Exhibiting signs of aggression and irritability. Aug 15, 2022 · Deep-dive questions on a person’s relationship with their parents, particularly their mother, are part of a sociopath test. ASPD affects about 1% to 4% of the population 2, and it is one of four Cluster B personality disorders Benefits of Taking a Sociopathy Test. However, these behaviors often hide a tendency to manipulate and exploit people for their benefit. Husband Test Based on a questionnaire made by George W. Be good at flattery and manipulating other people's emotions. Aug 10, 2022 · A szociopaták által elkövetett bűntények általában véletlenszerűek, spontának, nem előre eltervezettek. Apr 9, 2022 · A szociopata ember kíméletlenül átgázol a környezetén, ha céljai megvalósításáról van szó (ezért sokszor sikeres is abban, amit csinál) – ezzel egy időben a szociopata nem bírja a monotonitást, állandóan új impulzusokra éhezik, hogy szórakoztassa magát, ez pedig sokszor meggondolatlan, felelőtlen tettekkel párosul. Although sociopath and psychopath are often used interchangeably and may overlap, each has its own clear lines Aug 4, 2021 · The Short Dark Triad was developed in 2011 by Delroy Paulhus and Daniel Jones to provide a more uniform assessment and also to trim down the total length. Take this gender dysphoria test to determine if you have gender dysphoria symptoms that could lead to a diagnosis. A szociopátia egy informális kifejezés, amely az antiszociális viselkedés és attitűd mintázatára utal. A person with antisocial personality disorder may: Be able to act witty and charming. Break the law repeatedly. Your results are only shown to Search for a therapist in your area. A sociopath will reveal "personal" details about himself strategically, i. The DSM-5 states that the essential feature is their willingness to “disregard [or violate] the rights of others. ), azonban ha tényleg érdeklődünk a téma iránt, célszerű ellátogatnunk egy szakemberhez, aki felméri az állapotunkat, ahelyett, hogy online pszichopata teszt és hasonló fiktív vizsgák alapján vonunk Oct 18, 2022 · Narcissism intensifies with qualities of APD (or sociopathy) to worsen outcomes. Some signs that a person might be a narcissistic sociopath include: Power hungry: People with APD and NPD enjoy being in positions of power where they can control others. 20120. In general, sociopaths display more advanced social skills than psychopaths. Nehezen viselik az állandóságot, szükségét érzik a folyamatos impulzusoknak, azonban általában felelőtlenek. Both sociopathy and psychopathy have become Take Your Time: Reflect on each question and consider your past and present behaviors and feelings. Constant need for attention and admiration is often characterized as narcissistic. Sociopaths typically lack empathy, and the capacity to put themselves in another person’s position and comprehend their feelings. Ha nem vagy ennyire szerencsés, akkor akár randizhatsz, vagy házzaságot is A szociopata. Violating the rights of others through dishonest actions. It typically involves a series of questions or scenarios designed to gauge behaviors such as deceit, impulsivity, lack of empathy, and disregard for societal norms. Jun 2, 2017 · Szociopata és pszichopata. Though you’re likely to be a psychopath (sorry) if you score higher on Psychopath (and vice versa for Sociopath), the test is not a formal diagnosis of ASPD. They are often prone to criminal behavior, including theft, fraud, and violence. 5K likes, 243 comments. The LSRP was developed in 1995 for use in psychological research. May 1, 2012 · The List Price is the suggested retail price of a new product as provided by a manufacturer, supplier, or seller. Arrogance. Subclinical sociopathy traits are patterns of behaviors or tendencies that fall below the threshold for formal or clinical diagnosis. Antisocial personality disorder is a mental health condition that can cause manipulative, deceitful, and exploitative behavior. in 1929, the Marital Rating Scale measures qualities in a husband. D. Manipulatívak, nem képesek valódi kötődés Psychopathy Matrix Test. Aggódik amiatt, hogy partnere szociopata? Tegye meg Feb 4, 2023 · Sociopath test is the digital adaptation of Deenz Antisocial Personality Scale (DAPS-24), designed to measure subclinical traits associated with antisocial personality. To understand what people with bipolar disorder are going through and what is acknowledged in this quiz, we need to look at the symptoms that characterize the manic and depressive episodes. feel little guilt for harm they cause others. Oct 1, 2022 · 16 profi kérdés a szociopaták leleplezésére. Language matters. In many cases, they are also superficially charming. The median time to complete is 2 minutes 27 seconds. Find out if you have Sociopath. Sociopathy is a casual term used to describe people with an antisocial personality disorder. People living with the condition are often labeled “sociopaths Being a sociopath primarily centers around a reduced sense of empathy. This is a personality disorder that may present itself in a lack of empathy, a disregard for insight into other people's lives, poor mental health, lack of remorse, or common narcissistic behaviors. use manipulation, deceit, and controlling behavior. Difficulty appreciating the negative aspects of their behavior. Manipulative: People with this personality disorder will take advantage of others. - Updated on: 2023-05-23 - 673,539 taken - 21 people like it. Those who develop ASPD may have faced a Feb 8, 2024 · behave aggressively or impulsively. Disregard the safety of self and others. It measures on two scales: primary psychopathy (psychopathic emotional affect) and secondary Sep 15, 2022 · They must also have exhibited symptoms of conduct disorder — characterized by aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and/or serious violation of rules – prior to age 15 to merit a diagnosis. V případě skutečných obav, zejména ohledně antisociální poruchy osobnosti, je Once your responses are all in, we'll tabulate your results, and our algorithms will reveal your closest match. Sociopath is an unofficial term to describe a person who has antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), whereas psychopathy describes a set of personality Discover if you exhibit sociopathic traits with our online test. Question. The ability to experience empathy may be challenged Dec 3, 2010 · 2. Lie, steal, and fight often. It includes symptoms that can be seen as antisocial and anti-authority. Ponořte se do našeho testu sociopatů, který vám pomůže nahlédnout do vaší osobnosti. In reality, most people with ASPD, both psychopaths, and sociopaths, are not physically violent. Have problems with substance misuse. 1,2,3 These individuals will demonstrate traits and symptoms of both narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Failure to conform to the law, performing Jan 31, 2023 · The sociopath screening test is a tool that can be used to assess whether an individual has the characteristics of a sociopath, moreover known as antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Risk-taking. ” From my experience in over 30 years dealing with Aug 3, 2013 · Check if you're normal by taking this simple test. This quiz aims to help you gain a better understanding of the signs associated with sociopathy. No Right or Wrong Answers: This test is about understanding tendencies, not judging them. Our brief sociopath test is 11 questions long and typically takes only 3 minutes to complete. However, free online quizzes such as this one are solely initial pointers and cannot provide accurate assessments of your potential This sociopath assessment aims to identify signs and symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Gain insights and guidance for personal growth. The way that a person interacts with others may also be an indicator that that person is a sociopath. Limited as those skills may be, people with antisocial personality disorder have an easier time finding their role in society than psychopaths. Psychopathy Checklist. 6 mondat, amivel a nárcisztikusok és szociopaták az őrületbe akarnak kergetni. Complete All Questions: Ensure you answer all 15 questions for a comprehensive evaluation. By sharing your recollections beforehand, you can make it simpler. ”. For 30% You are: a psychopath! For 26% you are: a sociopath! For 24% you are: a narcissist! For 13% you are: pretty much normal! For 7% you are: an empath! Sushi_Fellow (42030) 328 days ago. Sociopaths are very good at convincing others to do what they want, either through charm or other more aggressive means. You can do it without being intrusive on your date. Including only the most pertinent questions, we hope that our sociopath test will help you in your efforts to better understand your mental health so you can more easily A sociopath test, often used informally, aims to assess whether an individual exhibits traits associated with antisocial personality disorder. Barbie Test The Barbie Test is an unscientific and "just for fun" test made popular by the popularity of the Barbie franchise. Sociopaths are pathological liars and never recognize the rights Jul 6, 2021 · Vs. disregarding or violating the rights of others. fantasies of The media portrays psychopaths as violent killers all the time. Kostenlose Selbsttests wie dieser sind jedoch nur ein erster Anhaltspunkt und können keine genaue Einschätzung Ihrer 183. Ask your date to share some of their first recollections with you. Living on the edge and constant stimulation is important to them. Personality psychologists have been theorizing about these domains The Dark Triad is a personality inventory that explores the socially undesirable traits of Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy. Mar 15, 2018 · The Theme of Dominance. Nezapomeňte však, že je to jen pro zábavu. Gender dysphoria (formerly called gender identity disorder) is a diagnosis used to describe individuals who exhibit a strong desire to be of the other gender. Very good, it was a good short test. Myths and facts. Soha nem idegeskednek, megbízhatatlanok, hiányzik belőlük az őszinteség, a megbánás és a szégyenérzet. A szociopata a többi embert tárgynak tekinti, akiket manipulál és kihasznál, úgy, ahogy az emberek többsége egy csavarhúzót vagy egy papírzsebkendőt használ. Lack of empathy and compassion is obvious even when they try to hide it. As a rule, psychopaths are charming and unpretentious, while sociopaths are cruel outcasts and egoists. As the title suggests, sociopathy is mostly about misbehavior against the community and its members. Then, based on your answers, you’ll be able to see how many of the common sociopathic traits you might exhibit. 2. Jun 9, 2023 · The standard screening test for potential psychopaths is the Hare Psychopathy Checklist. A hétköznapi életben a pszichopata kifejezés mellett a szociopata megnevezés is igen gyakran előfordul. A szociopata gyakran agresszív, nem érez empátiát (bár megjátszhatja), szégyent vagy megbánást a visszaélései miatt. Understanding sociopathy, preparing appropriately, and knowing what to expect during the personality disorder test. 2022. They are impulsive and have addictive behavior. The Dark Triad test is often used by police and the courts, in psychiatric wards and evaluations, and even in big corporations. The disorder is characterized by a history of conduct problems as a child, a lack of moral or ethical development, an inability to follow approved models of behavior, deceitfulness, and the shameless manipulation of Instructions For Online Sociopath Test. Csakhogy az érzelmi csonkaságukat ezek az embertársaink többnyire igen jól palástolják. Inspired by the work of Scott Lilienfeld, professor of psychology at Emory University, the Psychopathy Matrix Test screens for psychopathic traits in normal individuals, though the test can be used in clinical contexts as well. These criteria include: Regularly violating others, physically or emotionally. They lack empathy and remorse and often exploit others to get what they want. yd wz eo zp es hr bm cu vd ew